A comparative transcriptome analysis of a wild purple potato and its red mutant provides insight into the mechanism of anthocyanin transformation

Abstract

In this study, a red mutant was obtained through in vitro regeneration of a wild purple potato. High-performance liquid chromatography and Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and petunidin-3-O-glucoside were main anthocyanins in the mutant and wild type tubers, respectively. In order to thoroughly understand the mechanism of anthocyanin transformation in two materials, a comparative transcriptome analysis of the mutant and wild type was carried out through high-throughput RNA sequencing, and 295 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Real-time qRT-PCR validation of DEGs was consistent with the transcriptome date. The DEGs mainly influenced biological and metabolic pathways, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and translation, and biosynthesis of flavone and flavonol. In anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, the analysis of structural genes expressions showed that three genes, one encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, one encoding 4-coumarate-CoA ligase and one encoding flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylasem were significantly down-regulated in the mutant; one gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was significantly up-regulated. Moreover, the transcription factors, such as bZIP family, MYB family, LOB family, MADS family, zf-HD family and C2H2 family, were significantly regulated in anthocyanin transformation. Response proteins of hormone, such as gibberellin, abscisic acid and brassinosteroid, were also significantly regulated in anthocyanin transformation. The information contributes to discovering the candidate genes in anthocyanin transformation, which can serve as a comprehensive resource for molecular mechanism research of anthocyanin transformation in potatoes.

Environmental pollutants damage airway epithelial cell cilia: Implications for the prevention of obstructive lung diseases

“…Formaldehyde, acrolein, phenols, and ammonia, which are usually present in indoor air pollutants, have an effect on ciliary oscillations and structure, as well as mucous flow, which may be a cause of respiratory disease . Formaldehyde has the strongest effect, followed by acrolein .…”

“…Formaldehyde, acrolein, phenols, and ammonia, which are usually present in indoor air pollutants, have an effect on ciliary oscillations and structure, as well as mucous flow, which may be a cause of respiratory disease. [51][52][53] Formaldehyde has the strongest effect, followed by acrolein. 54,55 After exposure to acrolein, the tip of the cilia is swollen, making the cilia function abnormally; formaldehyde and ammonia reduce the flow of the sputum, which causes functional damage to the MCC.…”

Non‐canonical functions of the mitotic kinesin Eg5

“…In animals, exploring the regulation of Eg5 may provide new knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of cancer and other diseases, leading to improved diagnosis and treatments . In plants, exploring the function, localization, and motor activity of Eg5 may provide important insights into its roles in plant growth and development; furthermore, these studies will provide new knowledge for Eg5 research in animals . It is worth noting that the localization of kinesins during mitosis has been systematically analyzed in Physcomitrella patens .…”

Behavior of biometric parameters clones for the obtaining of potato baby with pigmented flesh

“…Las variedades de pulpa de color rojo o púrpura contienen antocianinas. La antocianina, es una familia de flavonoides bioactivos hidrosolubles (Liu et al, 2018). Estos compuestos polifenólicos con antocianinas característicos de las papas de pulpa pigmentada tienen propiedades antioxidantes (Kita et al, 2015).…”