A comparative study with biologically and chemically synthesized nZVI: applications in Cr (VI) removal and ecotoxicity assessment using indigenous microorganisms from chromium-contaminated site

Ravikumar, K.; Kumar, Deepak; Rajeshwari, A.; Madhu, G. M.; Pulimi, Mrudula; Chandrasekaran, Natarajan; Mukherjee, Amitava

doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5382-x

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The average particle size for both BS‐ and CS‐nZVI was observed to be in the range of 30 nm. The corresponding energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) shown just below the SEM images in Figure exhibited a strong signal (BS‐nZVI: 80.09% and CS‐nZVI 85.99%) in the iron area and the formation of nZVI was confirmed …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…For chemical synthesis, 0.05 M disodium salt of EDTA and 0.1 M FeSO 4 was prepared and mixed, 0.75 M NaBH 4 was then introduced drop by drop into this mixture under steady and constant stirring. The solution turned black due to precipitation of nano zero–valent iron; the solution was filtered, and nZVI nanoparticles were rinsed with absolute ethanol thrice and dried . The experimental volume was 200 ml (1:1 ratio of FeSO 4 and NaBH 4 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation of black color precipitate confirms the formation of nZVI. The resulted solution was filtered, washed with ethanol, and dried under N 2 atmosphere …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity assessment of zero valent iron nanoparticles on Artemia salina

Kumar

Roy

Parashar

et al. 2017

Environmental Toxicology

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The present study deals with the toxicity assessment of two differently synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI, chemical and biological) as well as Fe ions on Artemia salina at three different initial concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mg/L of these particles. The assessment was done till 96 h at time intervals of 24 h. EC value was calculated to evaluate the 50% mortality of Artemia salina at all exposure time durations. Between chemically and biologically synthesized nZVI nanoparticles, insignificant differences in the level of mortality were demonstrated. At even 24 h, Fe ion imparted complete lethality at the highest exposure concentration (100 mg/L). To understand intracellular oxidative stress because of zero valent iron nanoparticles, ROS estimation, SOD activity, GSH activity, and catalase activity was performed which demonstrated that ionic form of iron is quite lethal at high concentrations as compared with the same concentration of nZVI exposure. Lower concentrations of nZVI were more toxic as compared with the ionic form and was in order of CS-nZVI > BS-nZVI > Fe . Cell membrane damage and bio-uptake of nanoparticles were also evaluated for all three concentrations of BS-nZVI, CS-nZVI, and Fe using adult Artemia salina in marine water; both of which supported the observations made in toxicity assessment. This study can be further explored to exploit Artemia salina as a model organism and a biomarker in an nZVI prone aquatic system to detect toxic levels of these nanoparticles. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1617-1627, 2017.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity assessment of zero valent iron nanoparticles on Artemia salina

Kumar

Roy

Parashar

et al. 2017

Environmental Toxicology

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“…Batch adsorption process of Cr(VI) removal by magnetic chitosan was modeled with the three levels (–1, 0, 1), and four factors [contact time (min), dose of adsorbent (g), pH, and initial concentration of Cr(VI) (mg/L)] to optimize the operating parameters as given in Table . The response was given as % removal of the process.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of higher degree‐deacetylated chitosan‐coated magnetic adsorbent for the removal of chromium(VI) from its aqueous mixture

Ravi

Jabasingh

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Chitosan (90% deacetylated) coated magnetic adsorbent prepared by coprecipitation method to remove Cr(VI) from its aqueous solution. The experimental studies depicts that the predominant option for removal of Chromium by adsorption from its aqueous phase using Magnetic‐Chitosan (MC). The subsequent physical, chemical, and magnetic properties of MC were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, vibrating sample magnetometer. The influence of batch process parameters such as contact time, initial concentration, pH, and coexisting anions were investigated. The Box‐Behnken experimental design in response surface methodology was performed to design the experiment optimal operating conditions. The maximum percentage reduction of Cr(VI) is 96.3 that was obtained by magnetic chitosan with the optimal operating conditions of 149.53 mg/L at pH of 5.32 at the contact time of 80 min and at the temperature of 303 K. The average diameter of the magnetic chitosan was calculated from X‐ray diffractometer analysis as 24.5 nm. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir and Freundlich and the adsorption kinetics such as pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intra‐particle diffusion kinetic model were analyzed. The experimental data's suited for the best fit with the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo first order kinetic model. It also revealed that Cr(VI) adsorption on MC is intrinsically exothermic and spontaneous. The magnetic chitosan was also used to investigate for the removal of Cr(VI) from the real water sources such as surface, underground, and tannery wastewater. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45878.

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“…nZVI-1 was biologically synthesized from Azadirachta indica extracts and nZVI-2 was prepared by the chemical reduction of NaBH 4 (Ravikumar et al, 2016). Both types of nZVI were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS).…”

Section: Synthesis and Characterization Of The Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale zerovalent iron particles induce differential cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress and hemolytic responses in human lymphocytes and erythrocytes in vitro

Ghosh

Mukherjee

2019

J of Applied Toxicology

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The growing usage of nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (nZVI) in the remediation of soil, ground/surface water has elicited large‐scale environmental release triggering human exposure. The size of nanomaterials is a key regulator of toxicity. However, the effect of a variable size of nZVI on genotoxicity is unexplored in human cells. To the best of our knowledge, in this study, the cytotoxic, genotoxic and hemolytic potential of nZVI‐1 (15 nm) and nZVI‐2 (50 nm) at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL was evaluated for the first time in human lymphocytes and erythrocytes treated for 3 hours. In erythrocytes, spherocytosis and echinocytosis occurred upon exposure to nZVI‐1 and nZVI‐2, respectively, leading to hemolysis. Lymphocytes treated with 20 μg/mL nZVI‐2 and 10 μg/mL nZVI‐1, incurred maximum DNA damage, although nZVI‐2 induced higher cyto‐genotoxicity than nZVI‐1. This can be attributed to higher Fe ion dissolution and time/concentration‐dependent colloidal destabilization (lower zeta potential) of nZVI‐2. Although nZVI‐1 showed higher uptake, its lower genotoxicity can be due to lesser Fe content, Fe ion dissolution and superior colloidal stability (higher zeta potential) compared with nZVI‐2. Substantial accumulation of Ca2+, superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals and H2O2 leading to mitochondrial impairment and altered antioxidant enzyme activity was noted at the same concentrations. Pre‐treatment with N‐acetyl‐cysteine modulated these parameters indicating the indirect action of reactive oxygen species in nZVI‐induced DNA damage. The morphology of diffused nuclei implied the possible onset of apoptotic cell death. These results validate the synergistic role of size, ion dissolution, colloidal stability and reactive oxygen species on cyto‐genotoxicity of nZVI and unlock further prospects in its environmental nano‐safety evaluation.

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A comparative study with biologically and chemically synthesized nZVI: applications in Cr (VI) removal and ecotoxicity assessment using indigenous microorganisms from chromium-contaminated site

Cited by 54 publications

References 51 publications

Toxicity assessment of zero valent iron nanoparticles on Artemia salina

Toxicity assessment of zero valent iron nanoparticles on Artemia salina

Preparation and characterization of higher degree‐deacetylated chitosan‐coated magnetic adsorbent for the removal of chromium(VI) from its aqueous mixture

Nanoscale zerovalent iron particles induce differential cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress and hemolytic responses in human lymphocytes and erythrocytes in vitro

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