A comparative study to screen dementia and APOE genotypes in an ageing East African population

Chen, Chien Hsiun; Mizuno, Toshiki; Elston, Robert C.; Kariuki, M; Hall, Kathleen; Unverzagt, Fred; Hendrie, Hugh C.; Gatere, S.; Kioy, Paul; Patel, Nilesh B.; Friedland, Robert P.; Kalaria, Raj N.

doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.06.014

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This association has been shown in developed countries and in Asia, but not in Africa or in Latin America [29]. In Africa, there is a high prevalence of the genotype ε3ε3, and the APOE genotypes do not correlate with lipid levels or other vascular risk factors [55]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening Younger Individuals in a Primary Care Setting Flags Putative Dementia Cases and Correlates Gastrointestinal Diseases with Poor Cognitive Performance

Rosa¹,

Henriques²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2016

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background/Aims: Diagnosing dementia is challenging in many primary care settings, given the limited human resources and the lack of current diagnostic tools. With this in mind, a primary care-based cohort was established in the Aveiro district of Portugal. Methods: A total of 568 participants were evaluated using cognitive tests and APOE genotyping. Results: The findings revealed a dementia prevalence of 12%. A strong correlation between increasing Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores and education was clearly evident. Other highly relevant risk factors were activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL, aging, depression, gender, the APOE ε4 allele, and comorbidities (depression as well as gastrointestinal, osteoarticular, and neurodegenerative diseases). A hitherto unreported, significant correlation between gastrointestinal disease and high CDR score was clearly observable. Conclusions: This study shows the merit of carrying out a dementia screening on younger subjects. Significantly, 71 subjects in the age group of 50-65 years were flagged for follow-up studies; furthermore, these cases with a potentially early onset of dementia were identified in a primary care setting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening Younger Individuals in a Primary Care Setting Flags Putative Dementia Cases and Correlates Gastrointestinal Diseases with Poor Cognitive Performance

Rosa¹,

Henriques²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2016

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…Although risk varies across populations (Table 1), in general each ε4 allele exerts a dose-related earlier onset of AD [36,37]. Interestingly, in two populations with high ε4 frequencies [Nigerians and Kenyans (Kenyan data are not shown in Table 1 due to lack of data for specific genotypes)], ε4 is not strongly associated with increased risk of AD or CAD [38–41]. Although it is not clear why there is a lack of association between ε4 and AD in these groups, future work is needed with these regional populations to unravel whether environmental or behavioral interactions (e.g., physical activity) affect the expression of this genetic risk factor.…”

Section: Apoe Functions and Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise, APOE genotype, and the evolution of the human lifespan

Raichlen

Alexander

2014

Trends in Neurosciences

106

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Humans have exceptionally long lifespans compared with other mammals. However, our longevity evolved when our ancestors had two copies of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, a genotype that leads to a high risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cardiovascular disease, and increased mortality. How did human aging evolve within this genetic constraint? Drawing from neuroscience, anthropology, and brain-imaging research, we propose the hypothesis that the evolution of increased physical activity approximately 2 million years ago served to reduce the amyloid plaque and vascular burden of APOE ε4, relaxing genetic constraints on aging. This multidisciplinary approach links human evolution with health and provides a complementary perspective on aging and neurodegenerative disease that may help identify key mechanisms and targets for intervention.

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“…One study reported the ε 4 allele was significantly associated with AD in African Caribbean people but the magnitude of the association was small (Stewart et al , 2001) and a preliminary analysis of cross sectional data from Kenya suggested that ε 4 was not a risk factor for AD (Chen et al , 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

APOE ε4 and the risk for Alzheimer disease and cognitive decline in African Americans and Yoruba

Hendrie

Murrell

Baiyewu

et al. 2014

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Background There is little information on the association of the APOEe4 allele and AD risk in African populations. In previous analyses from the Indianapolis-Ibadan dementia project, we have reported that APOE ε4 increased the risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in African Americans but not in Yoruba. This study represents a replication of this earlier work using enriched cohorts and extending the analysis to include cognitive decline. Methods In this longitudinal study of two community dwelling cohorts of elderly Yoruba and African Americans, APOE genotyping was conducted from blood samples taken on or before 2001 (1,871 African Americans & 2,200 Yoruba). Mean follow up time was 8.5 years for African Americans and 8.8 years for Yoruba. The effects of heterozygosity or homozygosity of ε4 and of the possession of e4 on time to incident AD and on cognitive decline were determined using Cox’s proportional hazards regression and mixed effects models. Results After adjusting for covariates, one or two copies of the APOE ε4 allele were significant risk factors for incident AD (p < 0.0001) and cognitive decline in the African-American population (p < 0001). In the Yoruba, only homozygosity for APOE ε4 was a significant risk factor for AD (p = 0.0002) but not for cognitive decline (p = 0.2346), however, possession of an e4 allele was significant for both incident AD (p = 0.0489) and cognitive decline (p = 0.0425). Conclusions In this large longitudinal comparative study, APOE ε4 had a significant, but weaker, effect on incident AD and on cognitive decline in Yoruba than in African Americans. The reasons for these differences remain unclear.

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A comparative study to screen dementia and APOE genotypes in an ageing East African population

Cited by 42 publications

References 49 publications

Screening Younger Individuals in a Primary Care Setting Flags Putative Dementia Cases and Correlates Gastrointestinal Diseases with Poor Cognitive Performance

Screening Younger Individuals in a Primary Care Setting Flags Putative Dementia Cases and Correlates Gastrointestinal Diseases with Poor Cognitive Performance

Exercise, APOE genotype, and the evolution of the human lifespan

APOE ε4 and the risk for Alzheimer disease and cognitive decline in African Americans and Yoruba

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