A comparative study to identify a suitable model of ownership for Iran football pro league clubs

Abstract

Today the government ownership of the professional football clubs is absolutely illogical view point. Most of sports clubs are conducted by private sector using different models of ownership all over the world. In Iran, government credits benefit was main reason that the professional sport was firstly developed by government firms and organizations. Therefore, the sports team ownership is without the professionalization standards. The present comparative study was to examine the different football club ownership structures of the top leagues and the current condition of Iran football pro league ownership and then present a suitable ownership structure of Iran football clubs to leave behind the government club ownership. Among the initial 120 scientific texts, the thirty two cases including papers, books and reports were found relevant to this study. We studied the ownership prominence and several football club models of ownership focused on stock listing model of ownership, private investor model of ownership, supporter trust model of ownership and Japan partnership model of ownership; theoretical concepts, empirical studies, main findings, strengths and weaknesses were covered in analysis procedure. According to various models of ownership in leagues and the models’ productivity in football clubs, each model of ownership considering national environmental, economic, social conditions has strengths and weaknesses. So, we cannot present a definite model of ownership for Iran football pro league clubs due to different micro-environments of Iran clubs. We need a big planning to provide a supporter-investor mixed model of ownership to Iranian clubs. Considering strengths and weaknesses in the models of ownership as well as the micro and macro environment of Iran football clubs, German model and Japan partnership model are offered as suitable ones to probable new model of ownership in Iran pro league clubs. Consequently, more studies are required to find a suitable model of ownership based on environmental conditions in Iran.

Chinese Professional Basketball League Using Mobile Computing and Big Data Technology

“…In the big data system, data is crucial. In addition to reserve data, data acquisition and preprocessing are particularly important [20,21]. At this stage, data collection mainly comes from the following four aspects:…”

Decrypting the specifics of professional football club investments: Why? What? How? An integrative review

“…The naming of different ownership structures varies across literature (e.g. Amirnejad et al, 2018;Franck, 2010;Pittz et al, 2021;Rohde and Breuer, 2017). However, researchers have developed three general patterns of ownership structures: private ownership, public ownership and member associations.…”

“…However, researchers have developed three general patterns of ownership structures: private ownership, public ownership and member associations. Based on the shareholders' origin, Amirnejad et al (2018) and Pittz et al (2021) cluster private club ownership into the dimensions clubs with private foreign ownership and private domestic ownership. Public club ownership is differentiated into the dimensions of stock-based public ownership with share listing at the stock market and of supporter trust ownership, in which fans take ownership in a club via a trust.…”

“…Governance advantages and disadvantages of the ownership structures and their dimensions have been discussed in various comparative studies (e.g. Amirnejad et al, 2018;Franck, 2010;Gammelsaeter and Jakobsen, 2008;Rohde and Breuer, 2017;Wyszy nski, 2021). While privately-owned clubs have an advantage over publiclyowned clubs and member associations to access funding (Amirnejad et al, 2018;Wyszy nski, 2021), Rohde and Breuer (2017) point out that this raises the risk of financial mismanagement and spending inefficiency.…”

“…Other authors have integrated literature reviews in their academic publications, but such reviews have been either unsystematic (e.g. Amirnejad et al, 2018;S anchez et al, 2020;Ward and Hines, 2017) or have been conducted before a noticeable increase in publications in recent years (e.g. Baur and McKeating, 2011;Jones, 2014).…”