A comparative study to find out the relationship between the inner inter-canthal distance, interpupillary distance, inter-commissural width, inter-alar width, and the width of maxillary anterior teeth in Aryans and Mongoloids

Abstract

Background One of the most confusing and difficult aspects of complete denture prosthodontics is the selection of appropriately sized maxillary anterior denture teeth. Various guidelines have been suggested for determining the size of anterior teeth, but different opinions have been reported regarding their significance. In the study reported here, the relationships between facial measurements and the width of maxillary anterior teeth in two ethnic groups, namely Aryans and Mongoloids, were determined. Objective The aims of the study were to determine the inner inter-canthal distance (ICAD), inter-pupillary distance (IPD), inter-commissural width (ICOW), inter-alar width (IAW), and the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth (CW) in Aryans and Mongoloids and to determine the relationships between these measurements. Materials and methods Impressions of the teeth of 170 dentulous subjects (85 males and 85 females) were made with alginate then Type IV gypsum product was poured in. Measurements of the cast maxillary anterior teeth at their widest dimension (contact areas) were made with the Boley gauge. ICAD, IPD, ICOW, and IAW distances were also measured with a Boley gauge. Results For all 170 subjects, 85 Aryans and 85 Mongoloids, Pearson’s correlation coefficient ( r ) for IAW, IPD, ICOW, ICAD, and CW was calculated. In Aryans, highly significant ( P <0.001) but weak correlations were found between CW and IAW, IPD, and ICOW. In Mongoloids, a highly significant ( P <0.001) and weak correlation was found only between CW and IPD. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that the IAW, IPD, and ICOW for Aryans and IPD for Mongoloids can be used as a preliminary method for determining the width of the maxillary anterior teeth in edentulous patients.

Determination of Correlation of Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth using Extraoral and Intraoral Factors in Indian Population: A Systematic Review

“…Discussions on this topic are present in the contemporary professional literature. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Reviews of the recent scientific literature reveal studies Graph 1: Measurement of IAD in various population groups that were carried out using different methodology and sample size, different face and natural teeth parameters, 8,[10][11][12][13]15,19,20 casts, 5,[16][17][18]21,22 or photographs, 5,14,16,17,20 as well as various types of gauge which make the comparison of results very difficult. The authors here used a variety of instruments to determine the measurements.…”

“…9 When maxillary anterior teeth width was correlated with IAD, Indian population showed the highest correlation with IAD, mainly South Indian females with squareshaped arch (r = 0.52) 16 followed by North Indian females (r = 0.457), 14 and the least correlation was found in Asian population (r = 0.089), 21 whereas negative correlation was seen in Aryans (r = −0342) and Mangoloids (r = −0.217). 5 Facial proportions can vary in different ethnic groups. 13,28 South Indian population has the highest correlation with IAD, which could be due to Dravidian ethnic group.…”

“…Teeth that are of a proper size are essential in achieving a natural looking denture. [2][3][4][5] Patients requiring complete dentures usually expect comfort first, followed by harmonious appearance and efficiency. Besides, on receiving their first dentures, patients often expect to appear similar to when they had their natural teeth.…”

Comparison between Obando´s anthropometric formula and Mondelli´s formula to estimate central incisor width.

“…the use of inter-alar and intercommissural distance showed a good concordance with WCI 7 . Similarly, Mishra et al reported that inter-alar distance used to determine WCI is quite accurate when used in conjunction with in-tercommissural or interpupillary distance 8 . The maximum length of the ears was used in this study.…”

“…An important factor contributing to a harmonious dentition is size, shape and arrangement of maxillary central incisors seen from the front 5 . Different techniques have been proposed to optimize the harmonious shape of maxillary anterior teeth 1,[4][5][6][7][8] . These are based on the work of Levin, who introduced the golden ratio in dental aesthetics 9 .…”