A comparative study to correlate between clinically and radiographically determined sagittal condylar guidance in participants with different skeletal relationships

Abstract

Context:Many authors have conducted studies that determine horizontal condylar guidance (HCG) using various methods, articulator systems, and recording materials. However, there is a dearth of literature on variability existing in HCG in individuals with different skeletal relationships. This study is an attempt to verify whether such a difference exists or not.Aims:The aim of this study is to determine and correlate the HCG in individuals with Angle's Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion using radiographic and clinical methods.Settings and Design:HCG was recorded for thirty individuals, ten of each class. For each individual, HCG was recorded clinically as well as radiographically.Subjects and Methods:Clinically, HCG was recorded using protrusive check bites and a semi-adjustable articulator. Radiographically, two methods were employed. First, a “tangent method” wherein the angle made by a tangent to the posterior slope of articular eminence with the Frankfurt horizontal (FH) plane was considered as the HCG, and second, a “protrusive method” where the position of the condyle at maximum intercuspation and 6 mm protrusion were traced, and the angle this path made with the FH plane was recorded as the HCG.Statistical Analysis:Descriptive statistical analysis along with Tukey's test and analysis of variance was used to calculate and compare the mean values. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to establish correlation between various means.Results:A significant difference in the HCG of three skeletal relationships was seen, with Class II having a steeper angle than the other two. Among the various methods used, a correlation was found between the clinical and the protrusive method; however, the tangent method yielded greater values of HCG.Conclusions:The average value of HCG should not be used as it differs according to the skeletal relationship. Radiographic method can be used to yield consistent HCG; however, the protrusive method should be employed.

A study on the accuracy of horizontal condylar guidance values in edentulous patients using preprosthetic diagnostic radiographs

“…advocated for clinical method as radiographic method yielded a consistent greater value as compared to clinical method. [32] Clinical protrusive method for each individual is mandatory to determine accurate HCG values. Cephalometric tracing of diagnostic radiographs can delineate an idea about HCG angle before any clinical step, which will help the operator to choose the type of articulator and select posterior teeth.…”

Evaluation of Articular Eminence Inclination in Normo-Divergent Subjects with Different Skeletal Classes through CBCT

“…Both Katsavrias et al [ 2 ], investigating digitized tomograms, and Akahane et al [ 31 ], investigating dry skulls, found a smaller eminence to FH angle in the Class III group. Singh et al [ 6 ] traced AEI with one clinical method and two radiographic methods on lateral cephalograms. One of the radiographic methods, the tangent method [ 6 ] is comparable to our method and showed that the Class III group had a significantly lower angle (37.60°) compared to Class I (41.90°) and Class II (43.90°).…”

“…Singh et al [ 6 ] traced AEI with one clinical method and two radiographic methods on lateral cephalograms. One of the radiographic methods, the tangent method [ 6 ] is comparable to our method and showed that the Class III group had a significantly lower angle (37.60°) compared to Class I (41.90°) and Class II (43.90°). These results seem to be opposite to those of our study.…”

“…The movement of the condyle inside the fossa is influenced by the slope of the articular eminence. The condylar path is more vertical if the AE slope is steep, while it is less vertical when it is flat [ 6 ]. AE features, including shape, influence mandibular movement, which is also conditioned by dental absence [ 4 , 7 ], age [ 4 , 8 , 9 ], skeletal malocclusion [ 5 , 10 ], sex [ 8 , 11 ], and masticatory loads [ 12 ].…”

Accuracy of radiographic and protrusive occlusal record methods in determining condylar guidance angles: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…All included studies were unicentric trials published between 2011 and 2020. Typically, 26 studies were conducted in India, 1,7,11,13,14,19,20,[23][24][25][26][27]29,30,32,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] two each in Iran 8,28 and Saudi Arabia 22,33 and one each in Nepal, 21 Korea 31 and Poland. 9 In total, 20 studies included were conducted among dentate patients having a total sample size of 595 and age ranged from 18-43 years 1,19,20,21,25,27,30,32,34,[37][38][39][40]42,44 while 15 studies included were conducted among edentulous patients having a total sample size of 277 and age ranged from 35-75 years.…”