A comparative study on the efficacy of four anthelmintics on some important reindeer parasites

Nordkvist, M.; Rehbinder, Claes; Christensson, Dan; Rönnbäck, C.

doi:10.7557/2.3.2.477

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The standard dose of the drug eliminates essentially 100% of the warble larvae (Nordkvist, et aL, 1983). In the current efficacy trials, there were a few animals treated that had warble larvae present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety, efficacy, and tissues residues of ivermectin in reindeer

Dieterich

Craigmill

1990

Ran

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Safety, efficacy, and tissue residues of ivermectin, a broad spectrum parasiticide, were determined in Alaskan reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). Reindeer treated at 5 times and 10 times the standard dose of 200 mcg/kg had no detectable physical or behavioral reactions to ivermectin injected subcutaneously in the midcervical area. Ivermectin eliminated essentially 100% of reindeer warble larvae (Hypoderma (Oedemagena) tarandi). Tissue levels of ivermectin in back fat, injection site, muscle, liver, and kidney collected 3, 10, 17, and 24 days post injection were determined. All tissues levels rapidly declined and were approaching low unmeasurable amounts at the end of the 24 day test period. Ivermectin is a safe effective parasiticide that has been used successfully to threat thousands of reindeer in Alaska.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety, efficacy, and tissues residues of ivermectin in reindeer

Dieterich

Craigmill

1990

Ran

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“…It is also used in the reindeer industry, in North America (Dieterich & Craigmill, 1990), Fennoscandia (Haugemd et al, 1993) and Russia (Klement'eva, 1987). The main target parasites are the larvae of the warble fly (Hypoderma ( = Oedemagena) tarandi (L.)) and the nose bot fly (Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer)) (Diptera: Oestridae), and the drug is also effective against nematode species (Nordkvist et al, 1983;Nordkvist et al, 1984;Heggstad, 1988;Norberg, 1989;Haugemd etal., 1993). Most of the dose given to an animal is excreted unaltered in the faeces (Halley et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of reindeer with ivermectin - effect on dung insect fauna

Nilssen

Åsbakk

Haugerud

et al. 1999

Ran

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Abstract:Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug widely used in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus (L.)) in Fennoscandia and North America. Most of the ivermectin injected in the animal is excreted unchanged in the faeces. Several reports show that ivermectin in cattle dung disrupts colonisation and survival of beneficial dung breeding insects. The present study investigated the effect of ivermectin on the reindeer dung fauna. Four reindeer calves (males, 6 months of age) were injected subcutaneously with standard doses of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg body weight) in early December. The daily produced faeces was collected until day 30 after treatment, and the concentration of ivermectin was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The highest concentration measured (mean 1632 ng/g faeces (dry weight), range 907 to 2261 ng/g among the animals) was on day 4 after treatment. The concentration decreased gradually to 28 ng/g (range 6 to 58 ng/g) on day 30. Faeces portions from day 4 and from untreated reindeer were placed in the field on 2-4 July and recollected on 13-22 September in order to detect possible differences in decomposition fauna between the samples. The most important coprophilous beetles (Apbodius spp.) and flies (Scatbophaga spp.) were not detected in this winter dung whether it contained ivermectin or not, probably because of the dry consistency and small size of the pellets. On the other hand, these insects (larvae and imagines) were common in summer dung, which had been deposited naturally in the field and later placed together with the ivermectin-containing winter dung for comparison. The summer dung has a more soft and lumpy consistency. Treatment in autumn or early winter implies that the bulk of the ivermectin from the animal will be present in faeces with winter consistency, since this bulk portion is excreted during the first 30 days after treatment. This dry and pelleted faeces is not utilized by the important coprophilous insecr species, and the current practice of treatment of reindeer with ivermectin in autumn or early winter is therefore the regime representing the least danger of harmful influence on the coprophilous fauna and their contribution to the dung decomposition process.

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“…The use of this drug was based on previous studies demonstrating mebendazole efficacy against E. rangiferi (Nordkvist et al, 1983) as reported in Steen et al (1997). All animals were reared indoors in separate stalls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%