A comparative study on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among primary (formal) and almajiri (informal) school pupils in kura local government area of Kano State, Nigeria

Gambo, S S; Ibrahim, Mohammed; Oyelami, Oyeku Akibu; Belonwu, Raymond

doi:10.4103/npmj.npmj_605_21

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Every year, hundreds of articles are published on schistosomiasis. Table 2 summarizes the recently reported prevalence of UGS in SSA that was indexed in PubMed [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ,…”

Section: Recent Status Of Ugs In Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Table 2 , most surveys screened SAC following WHO recommendations, which is a cost-effective approach and well reflects endemicity in the surveyed locality [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ,…”

Section: Recent Status Of Ugs In Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference between MicH and UM positivity was more pronounced in cases of ultra-light infections. For instance, one cross-sectional survey reported a rate of 83% positive MicH cases among 400 SAC, with a UM positivity of 49.2% in Nigeria [ 52 ]. In UGS cases with heavy infections, the two methods showed little difference in their positive rates.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Ugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Recent Prevalence of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa and Diagnostic Challenges in the Field Setting

Hong

2023

Life

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Human schistosomiasis is one of neglected tropical diseases that remain highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Human schistosomiasis is mainly caused by two species, Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, leading to urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis, respectively. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel as the primary method of global intervention. Currently, MDA with praziquantel covers over half of the target population in endemic SSA countries. However, an accurate diagnosis is crucial for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of MDA. The standard diagnosis of both urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis relies on the microscopic identification of eggs. However, the diagnostic sensitivity of this approach is low, especially for light or ultra-light infections. This is because Schistosoma eggs are laid inside of the venous plexus of the urinary bladder or mesenteric vein, where the adult flukes live. Approximately half of the eggs circulate in the blood vessels or are packed in neighboring tissues, while the remaining half are expelled into the lumen of the urinary bladder or intestine intermittently when the blood vessels are ruptured. In the field setting, the accuracy of any diagnostic method is critical for proper management of the intervention. The present article reviews the recent prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis in SSA and highlights the practical limitations of diagnostic methods such as urine microscopy, urine reagent strips, molecular diagnosis, and ultrasound scanning in the field setting. Despite continuous global efforts to eliminate schistosomiasis over the past 20 years, many areas still remain endemic in SSA. No single diagnostic approach achieves acceptable sensitivity and specificity in the field setting. Therefore, any field survey should employ a combination of these methods based on the purpose of the study to accurately monitor and evaluate urogenital schistosomiasis. Based on diagnostic values and a cost–benefit analysis, a urine reagent strip test can replace urine microscopy in the field setting. The WHO criteria by ultrasound diagnosis should be updated including the echogenic snow sign and contour distortion.

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Section: Recent Status Of Ugs In Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recent Status Of Ugs In Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosis Of Ugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Recent Prevalence of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa and Diagnostic Challenges in the Field Setting

Hong

2023

Life

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“…13 An increasingly prominent research concern has been the health of almajirai, with ndings that suggest increased risk of cholera, urinary schistosomiasis, and identi able psychiatric diagnoses among almajirai than in control populations. [14][15][16] The COVID-19 pandemic has also contributed to some distress around almajiri health, as their perceived susceptibility to infectious diseases and high geographic mobility cause them to be seen as a population at heightened risk of viral infection and transmission. 17 Despite this, the peer-reviewed literature around health among almajirai remains limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urinary schistosomiasis was seen in 86 secular school students (43%) and 111 almajirai (55.5%), a statistically signi cant difference (p<0.05). Here, authors "recommend that [schistosomiasis] control programmes should target … Almajiri school pupils in addition to the primary school pupils" 15. In another comparative study,Dzikwi et al (2012) use self-and interviewer-administrated surveys to compare rabies knowledge and risk-related behaviors between almajirai and children attending secular schools.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Almajiri Health; A Scoping Review on Disease, Health Literacy and Space for Participatory Research

Muhammad

Abdulsalam

Petit-Clair

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Introduction Almajirai are male children in Northern Nigeria and Southern Niger who study Islam in the almajiranci system. Almajiranci has been associated with non-participation in formal education, abuse, poverty, and underdevelopment. However, the peer-reviewed literature around health among almajirai remains limited. We conduct a scoping review around almajiri health to synthesize evidence for health problems, draw links between findings, identify research gaps, indicate areas for intervention, and assess participatory approaches in this literature. Methods We searched the academic literature for articles concerning almajiri heath using a framework integrating the biopsychosocial and socio-ecological models of health. We included articles in English and French published between 2000 and 2022. For each study we collected information regarding authorship, study year and location(s), study design and aims, sample characteristics, findings, and almajiri participation in research design, execution, interpretation and dissemination. Results Of 1,944 studies, 17 were found relevant for data extraction. These included 14 cross-sectional studies, 2 descriptive articles, and one case-control study. All were conducted in Nigeria, though one included Nigerien almajirai. No study engaged almajirai in participatory roles. Domains evaluated included infectious disease (10 studies), oral health (2 studies), workplace injury, nutrition, health status, health determinants, and mental health (1 study each). Almajirai represented ranged from 3 to 28 years old. Included studies find high rates of malaria, intestinal parasitosis, urinary tract infection, N. meningitidis, and occupational injury among almajirai. Studies comparing almajirai to controls find significantly higher rates of cholera, urinary schistosomiasis, and psychiatric disorders, lower levels of rabies awareness and poorer oral hygiene among almajirai (p < 0.05). One study, concerning nutrition, describes an intervention to improve almajiri health, though does not provide health outcomes for that intervention. Conclusion We observe that the literature around almajiri health has concerned many domains, though the number of studies within these remains limited. We further note limitations in the geographic scope of this literature, interventions to improve almajiri health, and the consideration of demographic features, like age, that may influence almajiri health. We stress the need for further study in these areas, and for participatory approaches, which may be more likely to effectively improve almajiri health.

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Human schistosomiasis in Nigeria: present status, diagnosis, chemotherapy, and herbal medicines

Saidu,

Ibrahim,

de Koning

et al. 2023

Parasitol Res

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A comparative study on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among primary (formal) and almajiri (informal) school pupils in kura local government area of Kano State, Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Review of Recent Prevalence of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa and Diagnostic Challenges in the Field Setting

Review of Recent Prevalence of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa and Diagnostic Challenges in the Field Setting

Almajiri Health; A Scoping Review on Disease, Health Literacy and Space for Participatory Research

Human schistosomiasis in Nigeria: present status, diagnosis, chemotherapy, and herbal medicines

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