A comparative study on the electrocatalytic and photocatalytic activity of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and doped rGO based Cu5FeS4 composite

Incorporation of Cu5FeS4 QDs with Abundant Oxygen Vacancy TiO2 QDs/TiO2 OVs: Double S-Scheme Photocatalysts for Effectual N2 Conversion to NH3 under Simulated Solar Light

“…19 Moreover, the peaks at 933.7 eV (Cu 2p 3/2 ) and 954.8 eV (Cu 2p 1/2 ) are relevant to Cu 2+ ions. 19 Also, the peak located at 943.1 eV is a satellite peak of the Cu + state. 16 Furthermore, in Figure 4e, the peaks at 164.9 eV (S 2p 3/2 ) and 171.3 eV (S 2p 1/2 ) can be well fitted to S 2− ions.…”

“…16 Furthermore, in Figure 4e, the peaks at 164.9 eV (S 2p 3/2 ) and 171.3 eV (S 2p 1/2 ) can be well fitted to S 2− ions. 19 In Figure 4f, the peaks located at 529.5, 530.2, 531.0, and 532.1 eV are devoted to lattice oxygen, OVs, surface −OH, and adsorbed H 2 O molecules, respectively. 37,38 The amount of ammonia produced by each of the prepared photocatalysts under the full spectrum of the xenon lamp is h −1 , respectively.…”

“…So, in the first two semiconductors, the Fermi levels (E F ) are close to the CB, and in the later one, the E F is close to the VB. 19,53,56 After integration of TiO 2 QDs, TiO 2 OVs, and Cu 5 FeS 4 , double S-scheme hetero/homo junctions are formed between them. The electron transfer takes place from the semiconductor having a more negative E F .…”

“…Bornite (Cu 5 FeS 4 , CFS), as a metal chalcogenide based on copper, has been employed as an electrocatalyst and photocatalyst due to the abundance of its constituent elements, non-toxicity, and high stability. This p-type semiconductor with a narrow energy gap has an extraordinary light absorption capacity, which is suitable for photocatalytic N 2 fixation reactions . In the research conducted by Sebastian et al, CFS-B/rGO and CFS-N/rGO nanocomposites (Cu 5 FeS 4 /nitrogen and boron-doped reduced graphene oxide) were synthesized via a hydrothermal route and were applied for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and photodegradation of MB .…”

A corrosion-engineered transition metal multi-anionic interface for efficient electrocatalysis toward overall water splitting

“…[21][22][23][24] Controlling the morphology, cationic/anionic doping and constructing defects to improve the performance of sulfides are effective strategies. [25][26][27] Although some progress has been made, the thermodynamic instabilities of sulfides in the process of OER has puzzled researchers. 28 Because of their instabilities, the surface of sulfides might be transformed into oxysulfide with a multi-anionic structure of oxygen and sulfur during the process of OER.…”