A comparative study on the treatment of 2,4-dinitrotoluene contaminated groundwater in the combined system: efficiencies, intermediates and mechanisms

Ultrasound-Assisted Mineralization of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in Industrial Wastewater Using Persulfate Coupled with Semiconductors

“…An analogous announcement on the reduction in the nitro group of 2,4-dinitrotoluene to an amino group, resulting in an enhancement of its removal rate, was also reported for the process of persulfate coupled with iron sulfide [28]. Additionally, the decomposition of 2,4-dinitrotoluene was performed using persulfate activated by Fe 2+ released from the electrolysis of iron metal integrated with active carbon [29,30]. Fe-Mn binary oxide was also verified for the effective transformation of persulfate into sulfate radicals via electrons transfer over active sites of Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Mn 3+ [31].…”

“…To elucidate the chief oxidizing agents, the mineralization of 2,4-dinitrotoluene using the process of persulfate integrated with Ag/NiO under ultrasonic irradiation was also carried out in the existence of scavengers, including benzene, methanol, and ethanol, respectively [17,71]. The 2,4-dinitrotoluene content in wastewater was detected at the wavelength of 254 nm using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Lambda 850, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) [30]. Especially, the difference in the removal efficiency 2,4-dinitrotoluen in the absence/presence of benzene served as an indirect sign to the yield of sulfate radicals [36].…”