A Comparative Study on the Mechanism of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Mediated by the Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Fusion Protein ESAT6-CFP10 and Purified Protein Derivative

Guo, Xiaonan; Du, Weixin; Li, Junli; Dong, Jiaxin; Shen, Xiaobing; Su, Cheng; Zhao, Aihua; Wu, Yongge; Xu, Miao

doi:10.3390/ijms242316612

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…3 a, 4 a). These were then observed at 12, 24, and 48 h. Redness or induration > 5 mm at the injected site lasting for 48 h was defined as PPD-positive, indicating the successful construction of BCG immunized mice [ 1 , 12 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intratumor injection of BCG Ag85A high-affinity peptides enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in PPD-positive melanoma

Qin,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Cancer Immunol Immunother

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As one of the scheduled immunization vaccines worldwide, virtually all individuals have been vaccinated with BCG vaccine. In order to verify the hypothesis that delivering BCG high-affinity peptides to tumor areas could activate the existing BCG memory T cells to attack tumor, we firstly predicted the HLA-A*0201 high-affinity peptides of BCG Ag85A protein (KLIANNTRV, GLPVEYLQV), and then, A375 melanoma cells and HLA-A*0201 PBMCs (from PPD-positive adults) were added to co-incubated with the predicted peptides in vitro. We found that the predicted BCG high-affinity peptides could be directly loaded onto the surface of tumor cells, enhancing the tumor-killing efficacy of PBMCs from PPD-positive volunteer. Then, we constructed PPD-positive mice model bearing B16F10 subcutaneous tumors and found that intratumor injection of BCG Ag85A high-affinity peptides (SGGANSPAL, YHPQQFVYAGAMSGLLD) enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy in PPD-positive melanoma mice. Along with the better anti-tumor efficacy, the expression of PDL1 on tumor cell surface was also increased, and stronger antitumor effects occurred when further combined with anti-PD1 antibody. For microenvironment analysis, the proportion of effector memory T cells was increased and the better treatment efficacy may be attributed to the elevated effector memory CD4 + T cells within the tumor. In conclusion, using the existing immune response of BCG vaccine by delivering high-affinity peptides of BCG to tumor area is a safe and promising therapy for cancer.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intratumor injection of BCG Ag85A high-affinity peptides enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in PPD-positive melanoma

Qin,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Cancer Immunol Immunother

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“…Unfortunately, the average sensitivity and specificity of PPD are only 77% and 79% respectively. A more critical flaw is that the test results are susceptible to the BCG vaccine, which can lead to higher total costs of screening [ 8 – 10 ]. An accurate, simple, and economical screening method is crucial for the timely diagnosis and control of pulmonary tuberculosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feature fusion method for pulmonary tuberculosis patient detection based on cough sound

Xu,

Bao,

Lou

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Since the COVID-19, cough sounds have been widely used for screening purposes. Intelligent analysis techniques have proven to be effective in detecting respiratory diseases. In 2021, there were up to 10 million TB-infected patients worldwide, with an annual growth rate of 4.5%. Most of the patients were from economically underdeveloped regions and countries. The PPD test, a common screening method in the community, has a sensitivity of as low as 77%. Although IGRA and Xpert MTB/RIF offer high specificity and sensitivity, their cost makes them less accessible. In this study, we proposed a feature fusion model-based cough sound classification method for primary TB screening in communities. Data were collected from hospitals using smart phones, including 230 cough sounds from 70 patients with TB and 226 cough sounds from 74 healthy subjects. We employed Bi-LSTM and Bi-GRU recurrent neural networks to analyze five traditional feature sets including the Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient (MFCC), zero-crossing rate (ZCR), short-time energy, root mean square, and chroma_cens. The incorporation of features extracted from the speech spectrogram by 2D convolution training into the Bi-LSTM model enhanced the classification results. With traditional futures, the best TB patient detection result was achieved with the Bi-LSTM model, with 93.99% accuracy, 93.93% specificity, and 92.39% sensitivity. When combined with a speech spectrogram, the classification results showed 96.33% accuracy, 94.99% specificity, and 98.13% sensitivity. Our findings underscore that traditional features and deep features have good complementarity when fused using Bi LSTM modelling, which outperforms existing PPD detection methods in terms of both efficiency and accuracy.

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A Comparative Study on the Mechanism of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Mediated by the Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Fusion Protein ESAT6-CFP10 and Purified Protein Derivative

Cited by 2 publications

References 38 publications

Intratumor injection of BCG Ag85A high-affinity peptides enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in PPD-positive melanoma

Intratumor injection of BCG Ag85A high-affinity peptides enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in PPD-positive melanoma

Feature fusion method for pulmonary tuberculosis patient detection based on cough sound

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