A comparative study on the ultrastructure of plasmodium sporozoites within the oocyst and salivary glands, with particular reference to the incidence of the micropore

Sinden, Robert E.; Garnhám, P. C. C.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(73)90031-x

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…onwards (Figures 2 and 3). Melanization was commonly seen in the oocyst wall and overlying midgut basal lamina, but no melanin deposits were observed in the oocyst cytoplasm, suggesting that in these specimens melanization involved neither parasite plasmalemma nor cytoplasm [11]. Unequivocal melanization of Δpblap2 oocysts was not observed on day 13 p.i.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Inheritance of Malarial lap Genes Is Essential for Mosquito Transmission

et al. 2007

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Members of the LCCL/lectin adhesive-like protein (LAP) family, a family of six putative secreted proteins with predicted adhesive extracellular domains, have all been detected in the sexual and sporogonic stages of Plasmodium and have previously been predicted to play a role in parasite–mosquito interactions and/or immunomodulation. In this study we have investigated the function of PbLAP1, 2, 4, and 6. Through phenotypic analysis of Plasmodium berghei loss-of-function mutants, we have demonstrated that PbLAP2, 4, and 6, as previously shown for PbLAP1, are critical for oocyst maturation and sporozoite formation, and essential for transmission from mosquitoes to mice. Sporozoite formation was rescued by a genetic cross with wild-type parasites, which results in the production of heterokaryotic polyploid ookinetes and oocysts, and ultimately infective Δpblap sporozoites, but not if the individual Δpblap parasite lines were crossed amongst each other. Genetic crosses with female-deficient (Δpbs47) and male-deficient (Δpbs48/45) parasites show that the lethal phenotype is only rescued when the wild-type pblap gene is inherited from a female gametocyte, thus explaining the failure to rescue in the crosses between different Δpblap parasite lines. We conclude that the functions of PbLAPs1, 2, 4, and 6 are critical prior to the expression of the male-derived gene after microgametogenesis, fertilization, and meiosis, possibly in the gametocyte-to-ookinete period of differentiation. The phenotypes detectable by cytological methods in the oocyst some 10 d after the critical period of activity suggests key roles of the LAPs or LAP-dependent processes in the regulation of the cell cycle, possibly in the regulation of cytoplasm-to-nuclear ratio, and, importantly, in the events of cytokinesis at sporozoite formation. This phenotype is not seen in the other dividing forms of the mutant parasite lines in the liver and blood stages.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Inheritance of Malarial lap Genes Is Essential for Mosquito Transmission

et al. 2007

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“…The pores are spaced irregularly in longitudinal rows, which run parallel to and are regularly intercalated between the underlying microtubules. Larger pores (diameter 100 nm) have also been described within and beneath the Plasmodium sporoblast and sporozoite plasma membranes (Sinden and Garnham, 1973;Meszoely et al, 1989). However, these structures, which were defined as micropores or cytostomes, are less numerous and widely scattered on the membrane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cryofracture Electron Microscopy of the Ookinete Pellicle of Plasmodium gallinaceum Reveals the Existence of Novel Pores in the Alveolar Membranes

Raibaud

Lupetti

Rácz

et al. 2001

Journal of Structural Biology

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“…CSP expression begins a few days after oocyst formation and accumulates on the growing oocyst’s plasma membrane (136). At the onset of sporozoite formation, the oocyst plasma membrane retracts through internal invaginations to form lobes of cytoplasm with nuclei undergoing their final mitotic divisions (117, 119, 121). These syncytial lobes are called the sporoblasts.…”

Section: Mosquito Stage Development and Generation Of Sporozoitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Parasite Development in the Mosquito and Infection of the Mammalian Host

Aly

Vaughan

Kappe

2009

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

256

224

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Plasmodium sporozoites are the product of a complex developmental process in the mosquito vector and are destined to infect the mammalian liver. Attention has been drawn to the mosquito stages and preerythrocytic stages owing to recognition that these are bottlenecks in the parasite life cycle and that intervention at these stages can block transmission and prevent infection. Parasite progression in the Anopheles mosquito, sporozoite transmission to the mammalian host by mosquito bite, and subsequent infection of the liver are characterized by extensive migration of invasive stages, cell invasion, and developmental changes. Preparation for the liver phase in the mammalian host begins in the mosquito with an extensive reprogramming of the sporozoite to support efficient infection and survival. Here, we discuss what is known about the molecular and cellular basis of the developmental progression of parasites and their interactions with host tissues in the mosquito and during the early phase of mammalian infection.

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A comparative study on the ultrastructure of plasmodium sporozoites within the oocyst and salivary glands, with particular reference to the incidence of the micropore

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

Female Inheritance of Malarial lap Genes Is Essential for Mosquito Transmission

Female Inheritance of Malarial lap Genes Is Essential for Mosquito Transmission

Cryofracture Electron Microscopy of the Ookinete Pellicle of Plasmodium gallinaceum Reveals the Existence of Novel Pores in the Alveolar Membranes

Malaria Parasite Development in the Mosquito and Infection of the Mammalian Host

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