A Comparative Study on the Effect of Peri-Implant Infection Management Lasers (1064-nm Q-Switch Nd:YAG, 1064-nm Nd:YAG and 980-nm Diode) on Titanium Grade 4 Surface

Abstract

Over the past 10 years, the number of dental implants has grown significantly. This increase has consequently led to an elevation of the statistics related to cases of peri-implantitis. Laser therapy has conquered a place among the therapies of excellence to treat peri-implantitis. However, the laser device used could influence the therapy’s success. The aim of this comparative experimental work was to highlight the differences in the work on grade 4 titanium surfaces of the most commonly used laser lights in this field, taking into consideration any structural damage that lasers could cause to implant surfaces. The lasers examined were a 980 nm diode laser; a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser; and a new generation of 1064 nm Nd:YAG Q-switch nano pulsed laser. We evaluated the titanium temperature increase, the pre- and post-treatment two-dimensional surface appearance observed under the scanning electron microscope; finally, the three-dimensional pre- and post-treatment topographic analysis was assessed using atomic force microscopy. We showed that the 1064-nm Q-switch Nd:YAG nanosecond pulsed laser appears to be more suitable for the preservation of implant morphology because of the absence of the induction of metal damage.

Safety and Effectiveness of Conventional Commercial Products for Professional Tooth Bleaching: Comparative Ex Vivo Study Using AFM Microscopy and Nanoindentation

“…Indeed, a statical power higher than 99% on the primary variable results supports it. Additionally, the design of a bioreactor, which, as previously shown, mimics the oral cavity [17], and the use of a spectrophotometer to measure the bleaching effect, support the reliability of our data.…”

“…The number of treatments, time, and photoactivation method for each bleaching agent were recorded in Table 1. Additionally, the design of the bioreactor, whichas previously shown-mimics the oral cavity [17], and the use of a spectrophotometer to measure the bleaching effect, support the reliability of our data.…”

“…To simulate oral conditions in humans, we utilized a custom-built bioreactor capable of replicating interactions between salivary fluid and the tooth surface through precise fluidic control. The design and capabilities of the bioreactor have been previously described in Pasquale et al [17]. In brief, the oral cavity was mimicked using a specialized blend of artificial saliva with a neutral pH, monitored by the Five Easy Plus pH Meter FP20-Std-Kit (Mettler Toledo, Columbus, OH, USA), and a model thermostatic bath (Grant model ST 12; Grant Instruments Cambridge, SG8 6GB, Cambridgeshire, UK) (refer to Figure 1E) to maintain temperature and humidity levels similar to those found in the human oral cavity.…”

“…Scitech LabApp Ltd., Micklefield, Leeds, LS25 9BP, UK) (refer to Figure 1F). , which oscillated at 20 rpm to replicate the wetting of the tooth surface by saliva in the human oral cavity [17], as described in Pasquale et al…”