A Comparative Study on Phytochemical And Biological Activities of two Grewia Species

Abstract

BackgroundMedicinal plants are currently in considerable significance view due to their special attributes as a large source of therapeutic phytochemicals that may lead to the development of novel drugs. Herbs are staging a comeback and herbal 'renaissance' is happening all over the globe. The herbal products today symbolize safety in contrast to the synthetics that are regarded as unsafe to human and environment. It has been estimated that in developed countries such as United States, plant drugs constitute as much as 25% of the total drugs, while in fast developing countries such as China and India, the contribution is as much as 80%. Thus, the economic importance of medicinal plants is much more to countries such as Nepal than to rest of the world. Inventorisation of herbal drugs used in traditional and modern medicines for a country like Nepal, appears to be a stupendous task, where a number of well established indigenous or traditional systems, including Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy, Tibetan, Amchi, Yoga and Naturopathy are practiced along with modern medicine for the management of total health care system. MethodClassic techniques for the solvent extraction of active constituents from medicinal plant matrices are based on the choice of solvent coupled with the use of heat. Soxhlet extraction is a general and wellestablished technique, which surpasses in performance other conventional extraction techniques. : In this method, finely ground sample of Grewia species were placed in a porous bag or "thimble" made from a strong filter paper or cellulose, which is place, is in thimble chamber of the Soxhlet apparatus. Extraction solvents was heated in the bottom flask, vaporizes into the sample thimble, condenses in the condenser and drip back. When the liquid content reaches the siphon arm, the liquid contents emptied into the bottom flask again and the process is continued. The resultant extracts were used for qualitative phytochemical analysis by color reactions, antibacterial effects by disc diffusion method and Human RBC membrane stabilization method was used to test the anti-inflammatory potential of the phytoconstituents. FindingsTwo species Grewia asiatica and Grewia optiva (family: Tiliaceae) from genus Grewia were studied for their phytochemical and biological properties. The result showed that the extractive value of Grewia optiva was found to be greater (2.56 % in hexane and 7.17 % in methanol) than Grewia asiatica (nhexane 2.24% and methanol 5.04%) respectively. The test for the phytoconstituents for both species showed the presence of glycosides, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and saponins. No any extract of both species at dose of (0.25mg, 0.5mg and 1mg per cup) possessed a zone of inhibition against tested bacterial strains. The potency of n-hexane extract and methanol extract of both species for Human RBC membrane stabilization test were compared with standard Diclofenac potassium. HRBC stabilization and resulted a good membrane stabilization of n-hexane extract of Grew...

Antiinflammatory and Anticancer Properties of Grewia asiatica Crude Extracts and Fractions: A Bioassay-Guided Approach

“…Likewise, 100% MeOH extract, Fraction B, and GAMF3 dispensed at 300 μ g/mL exerted 32 and 46% inhibition in heat-induced hemolysis when compared with the normal control, respectively. Earlier, Khanal et al [ 33 ] in their study on antiinflammatory activity of G. asiatica fruit extracts—as determined with membrane stabilization assays—reported 81% inhibition at 600 μ g/mL, a finding remarkably like ours.…”

Nutraceutical perspectives and value addition of phalsa (Grewia asiaticaL.): A review

“…The authors also postulated that methanolic and acetone extract enriched with tannin and tannin‐like substances inhibited the growth of several micro‐organisms. This is supported by other research that has also identified significant amounts of tannins in the leaves, stem, and bark of phalsa plants, suggesting these components of the plant may also inhibit various micro‐organisms, and therefore, have the potential to assist in disease prevention (see Antimicrobial potential) (Khanal, Raut, & Kafle, 2016; Sharma & Sisodia, 2009, 2016; Shukla, Sharma, Pathak, & Bajpai, 2016a; Shukla et al, 2016b; Tiwari et al, 2014).…”

“…The number of spermatogina "A", spermatogonia "B", spermatocytes and spermatid count were improved in the Grewia asiatica extract group significantly as compare to non-treated Grewia asiatica group in the mice for 30 days Singh et al 2007Grewia asiatica extract increase LPO and decrease GSH level in gamma radiation exposure mice brain Sharma and Sisodia (2010) The fruit protect against radiation-induced alterations in blood of Swiss albino mice Sharma et al 2011Grewia asiatica extract exhibit strong radio protective effect in protein carbonyl assay along with strong radical scavenging activity Table 2) (Abou Zeid, Mohammed, & Sleem, 2015;Akhtar et al, 2018;Babu et al, 2017;Islary et al, 2016;Khanal et al, 2016;Khatune et al, 2016;Sharma & Sisodia, 2009;Srivastava et al, 2012;Shukla et al, 2016a;Siddiqi, Naz, Ahmad, & Sayeed, 2011;Tiwari et al, 2014).…”

“…The fruit, leaves, stems, and roots of the phalsa plant have been found to contain many polyphenolic compounds that are directly associated with antioxidant activity. Accordingly, numerous studies have investigated, in some depth, the antioxidant activity of various parts of the phalsa plant using different in vitro and biological assays such as 2 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2 2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and LPO (see Table 2) (Abou Zeid, Mohammed, & Sleem, 2015; Akhtar et al, 2018; Babu et al, 2017; Islary et al, 2016; Khanal et al, 2016; Khatune et al, 2016; Sharma & Sisodia, 2009; 2016; Srivastava et al, 2012; Shukla et al, 2016a; Siddiqi, Naz, Ahmad, & Sayeed, 2011; Tiwari et al, 2014).…”

The Chemical Composition and Health-Promoting Effects of the Grewia Species—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…in 120 min of extract administration) in comparison with the control while indomethacin presented a relatively higher rate of inhibition to PGE2-induced paw edema i.e., 79% at 100 mg/kg [24]. The last study reported that the traditional use of G. asiatica n-hexane extracts as anti-inflammatory ingredients was justified [62] on account of the extract's ability to significantly stabilize human red blood cells in comparison with diclofenac potassium.…”