A comparative study onin vitroandin vivoantioxidant activities of aqueous extract ofDesmodiumgangeticum(Leguminosae)root

Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo free radical scavenging effect of aqueous extract of Desmodium gangeticum (DG) root in different antioxidant models and experimentally induced ischemic reperfusion in an isolated rat heart. The rats were divided into three groups namely control, reperfusion control, and drug treated. For in vivo study, ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) was induced by 30 minutes ischemia followed by reperfusion of Krebs-Henseleit buffer for 15 minutes or 30 minutes or 45 minutes. Oral administration of DG extract (50 and 100 mg/kg once daily for 30 days) was performed in rats of drug group and an increase of enzymatic activity of SOD, catalase and GPx along with an inhibition of lipid per-oxidations were observed. However, a significant rise in lipid peroxidation and reduction in myocardial SOD, catalase, and GPx were observed during IRI. The inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 ) in DPPH, superoxide scavenging activity, hydroxide scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation were found to be 51.3, 24.6, 52.7, 53.2 and 415 mg/mL respectively. The presence of cactine, an alkaloid used to treat irregular heartbeat, angina pectoris and cardiac neuralgia was reported in DG through GS-MS analysis. The above results suggest that the aqueous extract of DG root exhibit potential free radical scavenging effect that can reduce the oxidative stress exhibited by IRI.

An ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. and Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC.

“…Associated with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion is the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals from a variety of sources that include the mitochondrial electron transport chain; the biosynthesis of prostaglandins; the enzyme xanthine oxidase; and circulating elements in the blood, with the polymorphonuclear neutrophil assuming a primary focus of attention. Studies have shown that Desmodium gangeticum possesses the ability to scavenge the free radicals generated during ischaemia and ischaemia reperfusion and thereby preserves the mitochondrial respiratory enzymes that eventually lead to cardioprotection (Kurian et al, 2005(Kurian et al, , 2008(Kurian et al, , 2009a(Kurian et al, ,b, 2010aPaddikkala, 2009, 2010).…”

“…Studies were also focused on the in vivo free radical scavenging potential of aqueous extract of Desmodium gangeticum root by inducing oxidative stress in ischemic reperfused rat heart model (Kurian et al, 2009a). The observations suggested a potent antioxidant capacity for Desmodium gangeticum as compared to standard drug verapamil against revascularization injury.…”

“…Roots of Desmodium gangeticum are one of the components of Ayurvedic preparations used frequently in the management of ischemic heart diseases. Several studies have been carried out to see the effect of Desmodium gangeticum on myocardial infarction (MI) and against ischemic reperfusion (IR) injury and to understand better the exact mechanism of its cardio-protective effects (Kurian et al, 2005(Kurian et al, , 2008(Kurian et al, , 2009a(Kurian et al, ,b, 2010aPaddikkala, 2009, 2010). The effect of the aqueous extract of Desmodium gangeticum root on the lipids in heart and associated tissues in isoproterenol induced MI rats was studied and was found to exhibit cardio-protective effect (Kurian et al, 2005).…”

“…Studies have been carried out to establish the antioxidant activity of Desmodium gangeticum using different models (Govindarajan et al, 2003(Govindarajan et al, , 2006(Govindarajan et al, , 2007bNiranjan and Tewari, 2008;Kurian et al, 2009a).…”

Gastroprotective effect of Desmodium gangeticum roots on gastric ulcer mouse models

“…Several studies have proved that D. gangeticum possessed antioxidant activity (Kurian et al, 2010;Kurian et al, 2009;Kurian & Paddikkala, 2009;Govindarajan et al, 2007;Govindarajan et al, 2003). In another study pretreatment of rats with aqueous extract of D. gangeticum orally for thirty days showed significantly improved preservation of antioxidant enzymes (SOD; CAT; GPX and glutathione reductase, GR) and subsequent reduction in LPO (Kurian & Paddikkala, 2009).…”