A comparative study on geographic‐based routing algorithms for flying ad‐hoc networks

Agrawal, Juhi; Kapoor, Monit

doi:10.1002/cpe.6253

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Even so, there is no investigation into clustering algorithms in this study. In another study, Agrawal et al [33] surveyed the geographic-based routing protocol and presented an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of each geographicbased routing protocol, as well as a summary of all comparative analyses of character and quality of service (QoS) metrics of geographic-based routing for FANETs. Nevertheless, it only considered geographically-based techniques, leaving out proactive, reactive, positional, and AI-enabled routing protocol implementations in their various flavors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster-Based Routing Protocols for Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs)

2022

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Flying Ad-Hoc Network (FANET) is a set of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) interconnected wirelessly. FANETs self-organize and provide low-cost, adaptable, and simple-to-implement flying nodes, enabling them to complete complicated tasks more quickly and collectively. The high mobility of nodes and the highly dynamic topology pose challenges to communication design, particularly when creating a routing protocol for UAV networks; this has inspired researchers to contribute and develop this technology. Hierarchical routing technique known as clustering is necessary to offer scalability, survivability, and distribute payload among UAVs to maintain the performance. This study has proposed a comprehensive survey of the cluster-based routing protocols (CBRPs) in terms of their strengths, weaknesses, specific applications, method, number of nodes, and future improvements for serving FANETs. Moreover, 21 CBRPs based FANETs were reviewed in terms of their topology, challenges, scalability, characteristics, clustering strategy, outstanding features, cluster head (CH) selection, routing metrics, and performance measures.In addition, open issues that need to be addressed in future studies in the field of routing protocols for UAV networks were also debated. INDEX TERMSClustering algorithm, flying ad hoc network, routing protocol, scalability, unmanned aerial vehicle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster-Based Routing Protocols for Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs)

2022

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“…As a result, the topology changes have little impact on this approach. 15,16 Moreover, one of the key issues with FANETs is the limited energy of UAVs. However, different types of positionbased routing approaches have been proposed in FANETs in the last few years to resolve issues related to UAVs' energy, such as IMRL, 17 EALC, 18 UVAR 19 and eAntHocNet.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

LoCaL: Link‐optimized cone‐assisted location routing in flying ad hoc networks

Kumar

Raw

Bansal

2022

Int J Communication

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Summary Recently, flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) has become a core research area in wireless networks that involves multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It is widely used in modern warfare for surveillance, monitoring and reconnaissance. The routing in FANETs poses a more significant challenge due to limited energy and frequent link disconnection between the UAVs. Consequently, an effective route is always required to ensure data transmission between UAVs. Therefore, this research proposes a link‐optimized cone‐assisted location (LoCaL) routing protocol for FANETs. The main goal of the proposed LoCaL is to enhance the link duration between the UAVs in which a source selects a forwarding UAV from a given set of neighbours by estimating the residual energy, link duration time and safety degree parameters. Proposed LoCaL provides better stability and less frequent route breaks between source and destination. Further, the mathematical formulation of the proposed approach is presented through the utility function to enhance the route stability by selecting all those relay UAVs in the cone‐shaped request zone, which reduces the routing overhead in discovering the route. Finally, the performance of the LoCaL has been presented through key indicators such as energy consumption, routing overhead, message delivery ratio, network lifetime and delay compared to the existing approaches.

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“…There are several reasons for the existence of connection changes in FANET, such as environmental constraints such as mountains, geographic uncertainty, weather conditions, and so on. [6][7][8] This unique capability of FANET requires an efficient mobility model to transfer the collected data to destinations in sparse networks. To date, there is no mobility model exists today that operates on the sparse FANET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In FANET, most applications have a low node density, resulting in network fragmentation. There are several reasons for the existence of connection changes in FANET, such as environmental constraints such as mountains, geographic uncertainty, weather conditions, and so on 6‐8 . This unique capability of FANET requires an efficient mobility model to transfer the collected data to destinations in sparse networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel unmanned aerial vehicle‐sink enabled mobility model for military operations in sparse flying ad‐hoc network

Agrawal

Kapoor

Tomar

2022

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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The flying ad‐hoc network (FANET) is a self‐configured, rapidly deployable network for a variety of time‐critical applications such as military and disaster relief operations. Most mobility models view FANETs as dense networks leading to unrealistic network scenarios and may not provide real‐world results. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) may not always be connected due to low battery, malfunction, budget constraints, or the nature of the application. Existing mobility models do not work in realistic FANET scenarios, that is, sparse FANETs, and simulate the model in a two‐dimensional domain. To address the issues, a novel mobility model has been proposed for military operations in sparse FANETs. This is the first paper that addresses the issue of sparse networks as well as implementing the proposed work in the simulator in three‐dimensional space. The proposed UAV‐sink enabled mobility model (US‐MM) increases the network performance without impeding the mobility of UAVs as UAVs perform critical functions in military operations. The simulation has been done using NS‐3.25. The obtained results show the efficiency of our proposed model which achieves increased network connectivity and stability of UAV's connection to the base station in the sparse FANETs.

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A comparative study on geographic‐based routing algorithms for flying ad‐hoc networks

Cited by 33 publications

References 76 publications

Cluster-Based Routing Protocols for Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs)

Cluster-Based Routing Protocols for Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs)

LoCaL: Link‐optimized cone‐assisted location routing in flying ad hoc networks

A novel unmanned aerial vehicle‐sink enabled mobility model for military operations in sparse flying ad‐hoc network

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