A Comparative Study on Electroplating of FDM Parts

Equbal, Azhar; Equbal, Md. Israr; Sood, Anil K.; Equbal, Md. Asif

doi:10.14716/ijtech.v8i5.875

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Conflict and dispute are two different concepts. Conflict is defined as a clash of opposing ideas between two or more individuals (Equbal et al. , 2017).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective management strategies for construction contract disputes

Amoah

Nkosazana

2022

IJBPA

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PurposeContract risk management has become a critical mission, as contract issues may lead to a loss of vast amounts of money to parties involved or cause project failure. This study sought to identify effective management strategies to mitigate construction contract issues that might emerge during construction.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research approach was adopted for the study. Structured questionnaires made up of close-ended questions were distributed to construction professionals in South Africa via the SurveyMonkey platform. The data were then analysed using descriptive statistics.FindingsThe findings indicate that the critical sources of contract-related disputes are ambiguous definitions of the contract parties' scope of their rights and obligations, lack of precise arrangements regarding the calculation of contractual penalties for failure to meet the deadline, lack of detailed specification of the works and specific milestones, lack of provisions regulating changes to the project documentation during the construction stage, an excessive amount of contractual penalties on contractor's side and lack of provisions regarding the rules of performing additional and replacement works and their settlement. However, for these disputes to be effectively managed, strategies such as reduction uncertainties in project's phases, setting up contingency plans, construction guarantee, extension of time claims, payment guarantee, retention and escalation clause should be implemented by the parties involved.Research limitations/implicationsEven though the empirical study focused on construction professionals in South Africa, the findings could be applied to other countries outside of South Africa.Practical implicationsTo effectively manage and prevent contract disputes from averting project failures and losses to parties involved in the contract, construction professionals need to be aware of strategies that must be implemented before and during the project execution. If well implemented, these strategies will help a construction project be successful and experience fewer contractual disputes.Originality/valueThe study has identified the knowledge gap concerning suitable contract risk management strategies available for implementation to effectively prevent any contract parties from losing money, time and project failure.

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“…Conflict and dispute are two different concepts. Conflict is defined as a clash of opposing ideas between two or more individuals (Equbal et al. , 2017).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective management strategies for construction contract disputes

Amoah

Nkosazana

2022

IJBPA

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“…This procedure is very common in the automotive and electronic industries and is known as metallization. [ 14,15 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This procedure is very common in the automotive and electronic industries and is known as metallization. [14,15] A necessary requirement for electroplating is that the substrate be electrically conductive, therefore since plastics are typically insulating materials, a pre-treatment known as "primary metallization" is first implemented to induce electrical conductivity. The actual metal plating is performed next as a subsequent step.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6,[17][18][19] On the other hand, this method is complex, generally expensive, is performed at higher temperatures, and makes use of substances that are dangerous for the environment (e.g., chromium), or it requires expensive materials such as palladium. [20,21] For these reasons, other researchers have explored different alternatives, such as surface treatments using a conductive paste, [15] a metallic paint, [16,21,22] or graphite powder. [23,24] In all these techniques the conductive substance is placed directly upon the surface of the plastic sample, thus leading to a simpler procedure and in some cases to a reduction in the environmental impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infill Density Effects on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Copper‐Plated 3D Printed Parts

Ludergnani,

Fredi,

Malagutti

et al. 2023

Macro Materials & Eng

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Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is a 3D‐printing technique that enables the production of complex geometries with a high level of customization at low cost. The poor mechanical properties of FFF‐printed parts often undermine the application of this technology for structural purposes. To overcome this limitation, a two‐step metallization method is performed to deposit a copper layer on the exterior of an Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene (ABS) substrate, using a non‐toxic and cost‐effective plating solution. Electroplating over the exposed grid infill, at various densities, is exploited to improve the load transfer between copper and ABS. The resulting samples are characterized mechanically and thermally, and finite element modeling simulations are used to better understand the characterization results. It is found that an infill of 50–60% provides the best compromise between mechanical performance and thermal conductivity because the infill density is low enough to allow copper penetration into the material to create a strong mechanical interlocking with ABS, yet high enough to create multiple conductive bridges through the thickness of the sample. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of electroplating as a post‐processing technique to simultaneously enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of FFF‐printed parts and provides insights into the optimal design parameters for achieving this goal.

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“…halides ArSO 2 X (X = Cl and Br) 70. The combination of [hmim]Br, aryl sulfonyl chloride 84 and indoles 79 led to the formation of 3-arylthioindoles 80 exclusively at room temperature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncovalent Interactions in C–S Bond Formation Reactions

2020

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Organosulfur compounds are omnipresent in many drugs, natural products, and functional materials; therefore, methodologies of C−S bond formation reactions are desirable in synthesis. The recent trend to control many chemical reactions by cooperative multiple weak interactions have emerged as one of the popular topics in supramolecular catalysis. Herein, we have made a collection of literature which utilizes multiple noncovalent interactions like H-bonding, solvent bonding, S−H•••π, C−H•••π, π−π stacking, charge-transfer complexation, etc. toward aryl C−S bondformation reactions.

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A Comparative Study on Electroplating of FDM Parts

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Effective management strategies for construction contract disputes

Effective management strategies for construction contract disputes

Infill Density Effects on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Copper‐Plated 3D Printed Parts

Noncovalent Interactions in C–S Bond Formation Reactions

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