A comparative study on common power flow techniques in the power distribution system of the Tehran metro

2019

Smart Cities

: Distributed Generations (DGs) have a productive capacity of tens of kilowatts to several megawatts, which are used to produce electrical energy at close proximity to consumers, which of the types of DGs can be named solar cells and Photovoltaics (PVs), fuel cells, micro turbines, wind power plants, and etc. If such kinds of power plants are connected to the network in optimal places, they will have several positive effects on the system, such as reducing network losses, improving the voltage profile, and increasing network reliability. The lack of optimal placement of DGs in the network will increase the costs of energy production and losses in transmission lines. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the location of such DGs in the network so that the number of DGs, installation locations, and their capacity are determined to which the maximum reduction in network losses occurs. Besides, by applying an appropriate objective function, the evolutionary algorithm can find the optimal location of renewable units with respect to the constraints of the issue. In this paper, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm are used to address the placement of wind and photovoltaic generators simultaneously in two states: With and without considering the effects of greenhouse gas emission. In this regard, first, an analytical method for optimal DG (wind and PV) placement is presented, then, the proposed approach is applied over a real study case, and the simulation carried out using the MATLAB program; hence, the placement problem was solved using GA and PSO and implemented in the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system. The obtained results were compared and analyzed. The results of the simulation show the improvement of the voltage profile and the reduction of losses in the network.

Section: Load Flow Analysissupporting

confidence: 53%

Optimal DG Placement to Find Optimal Voltage Profile Considering Minimum DG Investment Cost in Smart Neighborhood

Fathi

2019

Smart Cities

“…As the outcomes have been shown in articles [28], it was shown that PDM has a significant impact on forecasting the expected customer outage or interruptions' costs. Another important issue that needs to be considered is the growth of distributed generation (DG) in the power grid, which is limited by economic reasons [29][30][31]. Issues such as increasing attention to the quality of electricity and its positive effects on grid-connected equipment, awareness of environmental issues arising from the use of renewable energy, regulation in the electricity market and attention to reducing the cost of photovoltaic and wind production can be defined as the reasons of increasing the integration of DGs in power grid systems.…”

Section: A Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Distribution Networks Reliability Optimization in the Presence of DG Units Considering Probability Customer Interruption: A Practical Case Study

et al. 2021

Self Cite

Automation in power distribution systems and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), which perform network switching automatically and remotely, allows distribution companies to flexibly control distribution power grids. Cross-section switches also has a significant role in the automation in distribution systems, in that the operational optimization of these switches is able to enhance the supply power quality and reliability indicators, and can be a prosperous solution to increase the reliability, efficiency and overall service quality in services to customers. In this regard, in this work, the genetic optimization algorithm (GOA) approach which integrated the Steepest Descend Technique (SDT) is proposed and enhanced based on the features of the mentioned issue to sketch the optimal location and control of automatic and manual cross-section switches and protection relay systems in distribution power systems. The GOA is able to search globally that can prevent the result from locally convergence, also, GOA gives superior primary solutions for the SDT. Thus, the SDT can search locally with higher performance which increase the solutions' accuracy. Therefore, an optimization formulation is proposed to improve the value-based reliability of the suggested layout considering the cost of customer downtime and the costs related to segmentation of switches and relay protection devices. Also, a distributed generation (DG) system in distribution networks is considered based on the islanded state of generation units. The effectiveness of the optimal suggested procedure is evaluated and represented via performing a practical test system in the distribution network of Ahvaz city in Iran. The results show that using proposed method and by optimally allocating switches maneuver, energy losses without switches are reduced from 310.17 (MWh) to 254.2 (MWh), and also by using DG, losses are reduced from 554.01 to 533.61 which confirms the ability and higher accuracy of the proposed method to improve reliability indices.

“…Likewise, as mentioned in the references [12,43], the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and the Voltage Unbalance Factor (VUF) are accepted to analysis unbalance effects and harmonics, respectively. The sensitivity threshold of each of considered PQ phenomenon is set based on the effect of the phenomenon on customers' equipment or process.…”

Section: Power Quality Levels Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Renewable Energy Sources in Evaluating Technical and Economic Efficiency of Power Quality

Esmaeilnamazi

Technol Econ Smart Grids Sustain Energy

et al. 2019

Self Cite

Due to the growing use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in many countries, the need for an accurate and detailed analysis from the technical and economic view point seems to be necessary. Power Quality (PQ) can also be another considerable matter that needs to be carefully evaluated. In this regards, in this article, an analytical and detailed approach is presented to evaluate the technical and economic performance of the strategy for PQ changes. In addition, an optimization-based PQ change strategy is presented to provide a distinct PQ in integrated grids with renewable generations. The proposed strategy is based on the assessment of financial losses due to changes in the quality of power and the cost estimation of various reduction approaches and repayment solutions. This approach presents various customer requirements and various levels of PQ in the power grid. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the effectiveness of the presented model has been utilised in an actual case study, and the results have been obtained and analysed. The results of the simulation provide both technical and financial advantages to obtain optimal change strategy.