A comparative study of the major sudden stratospheric warmings  in the Arctic winters 2003/2004–2009/2010

Kuttippurath, J.; Nikulin, Grigory

doi:10.5194/acp-12-8115-2012

Cited by 103 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Retrieved daily averaged O 3 concentrations (in ppmv) above Kiruna from KIMRA, for January to March for the years 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2013. the combination of downward motion of air within polar vortex, and transport of extra-vortex air into the middle to upper stratosphere, due to wave activity, for instance (e.g. Manney et al, 1994bManney et al, , 1995Manney et al, , and 2015Kuttippurath et al, 2012). The downward motion of vortex air would increase O 3 concentrations in the lower stratosphere, and the transport of extravortex air would increase O 3 concentrations in the middle to upper stratosphere.…”

Section: Results Of Comparison With Mlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone profiles above Kiruna from two ground-based radiometers

et al. 2016

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Abstract. This paper presents new atmospheric ozone concentration profiles retrieved from measurements made with two ground-based millimetre-wave radiometers in Kiruna, Sweden. The instruments are the Kiruna Microwave Radiometer (KIMRA) and the Millimeter wave Radiometer 2 (MIRA 2). The ozone concentration profiles are retrieved using an optimal estimation inversion technique, and they cover an altitude range of ∼ 16-54 km, with an altitude resolution of, at best, 8 km. The KIMRA and MIRA 2 measurements are compared to each other, to measurements from balloon-borne ozonesonde measurements at Sodankylä, Finland, and to measurements made by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the Aura satellite. KIMRA has a correlation of 0.82, but shows a low bias, with respect to the ozonesonde data, and MIRA 2 shows a smaller magnitude low bias and a 0.98 correlation coefficient. Both radiometers are in general agreement with each other and with MLS data, showing high correlation coefficients, but there are differences between measurements that are not explained by random errors. An oscillatory bias with a peak of approximately ± 1 ppmv is identified in the KIMRA ozone profiles over an altitude range of ∼ 18-35 km, and is believed to be due to baseline wave features that are present in the spectra. A time series analysis of KIMRA ozone for winters [2008][2009][2010][2011][2012][2013] shows the existence of a local wintertime minimum in the ozone profile above Kiruna. The measurements have been ongoing at Kiruna since 2002 and late 2012 for KIMRA and MIRA 2, respectively.

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Section: Results Of Comparison With Mlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone profiles above Kiruna from two ground-based radiometers

et al. 2016

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“…in December and January) revealing the edge of the Arctic polar Vortex. The dynamics of the Arctic winter 2009/2010 have been described in several studies (Wang and Chen, 2010;Dörnbrack et al, 2012;Kuttippurath and Nikulin, 2012). In early winter, planetary wave activity prevented the formation of a strong vortex in the lower stratosphere and the vortex eventually split at the beginning of December (minor stratospheric warming).…”

Section: Monthly Variation Of Zonal-windsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of horizontal winds in the middle-atmosphere between 30° S and 55° N during the northern winter 2009–2010

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Although the links between stratospheric dynamics, climate and weather have been demonstrated, direct observations of stratospheric winds are lacking, in particular at altitudes above 30 km. We report observations of winds between 8 and 0.01 hPa (~35–80 km) from October 2009 to April 2010 by the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the International Space Station. The altitude range covers the region between 35–60 km where previous space-borne wind instruments show a lack of sensitivity. Both zonal and meridional wind components were obtained, though not simultaneously, in the latitude range from 30° S to 55° N and with a single profile precision of 7–9 m s–1 between 8 and 0.6 hPa and better than 20 m s–1 at altitudes above. The vertical resolution is 5–7 km except in the upper part of the retrieval range (10 km at 0.01 hPa). In the region between 1–0.05 hPa, an absolute value of the mean difference < 2 m s–1 is found between SMILES profiles retrieved from different spectroscopic lines and instrumental settings. Good agreement (absolute value of the mean difference of ~2 m s–1) is also found with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis in most of the stratosphere except for the zonal winds over the equator (difference > 5 m s−1). In the mesosphere, SMILES and ECMWF zonal winds exhibit large differences (> 20 m s–1), especially in the tropics. We illustrate our results by showing daily and monthly zonal wind variations, namely the semi-annual oscillation in the tropics and reversals of the flow direction between 50–55° N during sudden stratospheric warmings. The daily comparison with ECMWF winds reveals that in the beginning of February, a significantly stronger zonal westward flow is measured in the tropics at 2 hPa compared to the flow computed in the analysis (difference of ~20 m s–1). The results show that the comparison between SMILES and ECMWF winds is not only relevant for the quality assessment of the new SMILES winds, but it also provides insights on the quality of the ECMWF winds themselves. Although the instrument was not specifically designed for measuring winds, the results demonstrate that space-borne sub-mm wave radiometers have the potential to provide good quality data for improving the stratospheric winds in atmospheric models.

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“…After that, the vortex stayed cold and remained pole centred until the major SSW occurred at the end of January 2010 (e.g. Dörnbrack et al, 2012;Kuttippurath and Nikulin, 2012). This period shows the lowest temperatures of this winter at potential temperature of 500 K (see Fig.…”

Section: Dynamics Of the Arctic Winter 2009-2010mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two separate vortices combined by 17 December. Kuttippurath and Nikulin (2012) have given a detailed analysis of these processes by using the potential vorticity. Our N 2 O results are consistent with their findings.…”

Section: Dynamics Of the Arctic Winter 2009-2010mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Khosrawi et al (2011) reported that strong denitrification caused by the formation of PSCs was observed during the synoptic cooling event in mid-January 2010. However, a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) ended the coldest period after 19 January (Dörnbrack et al, 2012;Kuttippurath and Nikulin, 2012). SSWs are wintertime phenomena that are characterized by suddenly increasing temperatures and a reversal of the zonal wind (Scherhag, 1952).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of SMILES data to study ozone loss in the Arctic winter 2009/2010 and comparison with Odin/SMR data using assimilation techniques

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave LimbEmission Sounder (SMILES) on board the International Space Station observed ozone in the stratosphere with high precision from October 2009 to April 2010. Although SMILES measurements only cover latitudes from 38 • S to 65 • N, the combination of data assimilation methods and an isentropic advection model allows us to quantify the ozone depletion in the 2009/2010 Arctic polar winter by making use of the instability of the polar vortex in the northern hemisphere. Ozone data from both SMILES and Odin/SMR (SubMillimetre Radiometer) for the winter were assimilated into the Dynamical Isentropic Assimilation Model for OdiN Data (DIAMOND). DIAMOND is an off-line wind-driven transport model on isentropic surfaces. Wind data from the operational analyses of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) were used to drive the model. In this study, particular attention is paid to the cross isentropic transport of the tracer in order to accurately assess the ozone loss. The assimilated SMILES ozone fields agree well with the limitation of noise induced variability within the SMR fields despite the limited latitude coverage of the SMILES observations. Ozone depletion has been derived by comparing the ozone field acquired by sequential assimilation with a passively transported ozone field initialized on 1 December 2009. Significant ozone loss was found in different periods and altitudes from using both SMILES and SMR data: The initial depletion occurred at the end of January below 550K with an accumulated loss of 0.6-1.0 ppmv (approximately 20 %) by 1 April. The ensuing loss started from the end of February between 575 K and 650 K. Our estimation shows that 0.8-1.3 ppmv (20-25 %) of O 3 has been removed at the 600 K isentropic level by 1 April in volume mixing ratio (VMR).

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A comparative study of the major sudden stratospheric warmings in the Arctic winters 2003/2004–2009/2010

Cited by 103 publications

References 59 publications

Ozone profiles above Kiruna from two ground-based radiometers

Ozone profiles above Kiruna from two ground-based radiometers

Observation of horizontal winds in the middle-atmosphere between 30° S and 55° N during the northern winter 2009–2010

The use of SMILES data to study ozone loss in the Arctic winter 2009/2010 and comparison with Odin/SMR data using assimilation techniques

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