A Comparative Study of the Harmful Dinoflagellates Cochlodinium polykrikoides and Gyrodinium impudicum Using Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fatty Acid Composition, Carotenoid Content, DNA Quantification and Gene Sequences

Cho, E. S.; Kim, G. Y.; Choi, Byeong-Dae; Rhodes, Lesley; Kim, T. J.; Kim, G. H.; Lee, J. D.

doi:10.1515/bot.2001.008

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries and P. pungens have similar morphological features, as is the case with C. polykrikoides and G. impudicum, but different nucleic acid sequences (Douglas et al, 1994;Scholin et al, 1994;Manhart et al, 1995;Cho et al, 2001). However, WGA might play an important role in differentiating Korean P. multiseries from P. pungens (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The application of species specific DNA-targeted probes and fluorescently tagged lectin to differentiate several species of <i>Pseudo-nitzschia</i> (Bacillophyceae) in Chinhae Bay, Korea

Cho¹,

Park²,

Oh³

et al. 2001

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: We applied molecular methods using a DNA probe and fluorescently tagged lectins to discriminate toxic Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries from the Chinhae Bay for a Korean harmfulalgae monitoring program. From the binding activity of lectins, P. multistriata, P. subfraudulenta, P. pungens, P. multiseries and P. cuspidata bound ConA, whereas P. subpacifica and P. delicatissima did not. Ribosomal RNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes (muD1, puD1 and deD1) specifically reacted to P. multiseries, P. pungens and P. delicatissima, respectively, whereas auD1, frD1 and amD1 probes did not bind to P. multiseries, P. pungens, P. cuspidata, P. multistriata, P. subpacifica, P. subfraudulenta and P. delicatissima. In particular, fluorescent FITC-conjugated WGA specifically bound to P. multiseries but not to P. pungens, indicating that this is a desirable method for their rapid and easy discrimination. In addition, we tested a species-specific oligonucleotide DNA probe (muD1) using the whole cell hybridization filter tube system, and the WGA lectin probe to discriminate P. multiseries in the field. The oligonucleotide probe and fluorescent WGA bound specifically to P. multiseries and these labelled cells were correlated to label cell abundance. These results imply that DNA and lectin probes are apporopriate tools for counting P. multiseries and distinguishing morphologically similar Pseudo-nitzschia species in natural samples, therefore, these methods are especially pertinent since rapid separation and quantitative estimation of cell abundance of P. multiseries are now important for a routine harmful algae monitoring program in Korean waters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The application of species specific DNA-targeted probes and fluorescently tagged lectin to differentiate several species of <i>Pseudo-nitzschia</i> (Bacillophyceae) in Chinhae Bay, Korea

Cho¹,

Park²,

Oh³

et al. 2001

Sci. Mar.

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“…Since some harmful algae are difficult to identify, even to the trained eye (Scholin et al 1999), many new technologies have been applied in order to differentiate morphologically similar species, and to distinguish toxic phytoplankton from non-toxic phytoplankton, or different strains of certain species (Scholin et al 1997). Scanning electron microscopy and HPLC are both expensive and time consuming (Miller and Scholin 1996;Cho et al 2001c), and so lectin probes in particular provide a simple and rapid method of strain characterization (Cho et al 1998). EFM is the major method of detection using FITC-conjugated lectin probes (Costas and Rodas 1994;Rhodes et al 1995;Cho et al 2000), with SFM being used less frequently (Costas and Rodas 1994;Rodas and Costas 1997).…”

Section: Application and Significance Of Lectin Probes And Detection mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourteen FITC-conjugated lectins as a tool for the recognition and differentiation of some harmful algae in Chinese coastal waters

Hou

Huang

et al. 2007

J Appl Phycol

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In order to test the use of lectins as a tool for the differentiation of harmful algal species, 13 species and 23 strains of algae were tested with 14 fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated lectins, and the results examined using flow cytometry (FCM), epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) and spectrofluorometry (SFM). The lectin probes SBA, WGA, GSL I, DBA and PHA-E could distinguish between morphologically similar Gymnodinium-like species, such as Karenia mikimotoi (GMDH01), Takayama pulchellum (TPXM01) and Gymnodinium sp. (GspXM01), by their different binding activities. With the precise quantitative measurements of binding obtained using SFM and FCM, lectins appeared to be useful in distinguishing different strains of the same species. The results also showed that PHA-E could differentiate Alexandrium tamarense (ATDH04) from other strains of this species, and SJA could distinguish A. tamarense (ATMJ02) from other strains of this species (including ATMJ01). Similarly, PNA could identify A. tamarense (ATDH01, 02, 03); UEA I could recognize A. tamarense (ATCI01-JN, ATCI01); and RCA120 could differentiate Alexandrium sp (AspGX01) from strain AspGX02, which was shown to produce different levels of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin. Lectin probes could also bind these target cells in mixed algal samples. Positive cells identified by FCM were clearer than negative cells thus, in EFM, both GspXM01 and TPXM01 labeled with a WGA lectin probe could be distinguished from target cells of K. mikimotoi, Prorocentrum donghaiense and P. minimum (PMDH01, PMXM01) in mixed algal samples. FCM, EFM and SFM analysis could clearly distinguish lectin-probe-bound cells from negative cells in culture

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“…In this study region, off the southern coast of the Korean peninsula, dinoflagellate (i.e., Cochlodinium polykrikoides) red tides have occurred regularly since 1982 (Cho et al 2001). The emergence of C. polykrikoides blooms has increased in frequency, duration, and dimension since 1995 (Kim 1998).…”

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confidence: 97%

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2010

Limnology & Oceanography

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We measured short-lived radium isotopes ( 223 Ra and 224 Ra), dissolved inorganic and organic nutrients, and photosynthetic pigments during the summers of 2006 and 2007 in the southern sea of Korea, where harmful dinoflagellate blooms occur every year. The Ra tracer measurements reveal that coastal groundwater, rather than other sources previous suggested (i.e., Yangtze River diluted water or Kuroshio currents), is the main source of nutrients that fuel red tides in this region. Although inorganic-nutrient levels are different for different regions and different years, either dissolved inorganic nitrogen or phosphorus is depleted in the red-tide region. This depletion is accompanied by highly elevated levels of dissolved organic nutrients, transformed from groundwaterborne dissolved inorganic nutrients either inside Yeoja Bay or in offshore red-tide areas, thereby creating favorable conditions for the growth of dinoflagellates in competition with diatoms. The intensity of red tides correlates well with the activity of 224 Ra (half life 5 3.66 d) in seawater over daily or yearly time scales. Because the chemically conservative 224 Ra can trace groundwater-borne nutrients, which are utilized by marine biota in this red-tide region, the intensity of red tides seems to be related to the amount of nutrient-enriched groundwater supplied to the offshore red-tide region.

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A Comparative Study of the Harmful Dinoflagellates Cochlodinium polykrikoides and Gyrodinium impudicum Using Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fatty Acid Composition, Carotenoid Content, DNA Quantification and Gene Sequences

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

The application of species specific DNA-targeted probes and fluorescently tagged lectin to differentiate several species of <i>Pseudo-nitzschia</i> (Bacillophyceae) in Chinhae Bay, Korea

The application of species specific DNA-targeted probes and fluorescently tagged lectin to differentiate several species of <i>Pseudo-nitzschia</i> (Bacillophyceae) in Chinhae Bay, Korea

Fourteen FITC-conjugated lectins as a tool for the recognition and differentiation of some harmful algae in Chinese coastal waters

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