A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis

Anggarini, Ufafa; Pratapa, Suminar; Purnomo, Victor; Sukmana, Ndaru Candra

doi:10.1515/chem-2019-0073

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…This study used a commercially available synthetic foaming agent (Southern Chemical, Dezhou, China) with sodium lauryl sulfate as the main component. This is an anionic surfactant, commonly used in industrial foam production [ 33 , 34 ]. The performance indices of this foaming agent given by the manufacturer are as follows: powder specific gravity of 1.1, expansion ratio of 50, pH value of 6.5 to 7.5, one-hour settlement less than 70 mm, and foam density of 70 kg/m 3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Performance and Void Structure Change of Foamed Cement Paste Subjected to Static and Cyclic Loading under Plane Strain Conditions

2022

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Cement-based lightweight materials have received much attention recently in embankment backfill applications, the boundary of which is more close to a plane strain condition. To study the influence of plane strain condition on the behavior and void structure of cement-based lightweight material under cyclic loading, this paper conducted a series of compression tests on foamed cement pastes with densities of 700 and 900 kg/m3 subjected to static and cyclic loading under plane strain conditions. The X-CT technique was adopted to obtain the three-dimensional (3-D) void structures of the specimens before and after the loading tests. The results showed that the plane strain conditions yielded specimen compression strengths 30–50% higher than the unconfined conditions. The specimen integrity endured under load levels of less than 0.5, but failed after approximately 1000 cycles under a load level of 0.8, indicating that cyclic loading could accelerate the degradation of the specimena. The void structures of the specimens showed that the void volumes were featured bfatured an unimodal distribution with unimodal positions in a range of 0.1–0.2 mm3. The unimodal position became higher with the increasing cyclic load level. Slices of the specimens after static and cyclic loading tests suggested that cyclic load could easily lead to the rupture of voids that then merge into bigger voids and the connection of voids forming cracks.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Performance and Void Structure Change of Foamed Cement Paste Subjected to Static and Cyclic Loading under Plane Strain Conditions

2022

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“…The direct foaming method is one of the most common methods used in the preparation of geopolymer foams. Several foaming agents, Al powder [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], Si powder [ 25 ], and H 2 O 2 [ 26 , 27 ] are most commonly selected to introduce gases to the geopolymer matrix. Among them, H 2 O 2 is the most desirable for its economical, efficient, and impurity-free nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Foams Obtained by Adding Palm Olein as the Foam Stabilizer

Wang

et al. 2022

Materials

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Geopolymer foams with different pore structures can be used in construction, water treatment, and heavy metal adsorption. The preparation of high porosity geopolymer foams using vegetable oil as a foam stabilizer is a feasible and cost-effective route. In this study, metakaolin-based geopolymer foams with hierarchical pore structures were fabricated by adding H2O2 as the foaming agent with palm olein as the foam stabilizer. The effects of H2O2 and palm olein content on the chemical features and pore structure of geopolymer foams were evaluated. Water absorption, thermal conductivity, and mechanical behaviors of geopolymer foams were also investigated. The results indicate that fatty acid salt surfactants were generated in situ in the geopolymer matrix due to the addition of palm olein. Geopolymer foams with H2O2 and palm olein addition possess a homogeneously concentrated macropore distribution. Palm olein exhibits a refining effect on intrinsic pores formed by geopolymerization. In addition, using appropriate amounts of palm olein and H2O2, geopolymer foams can achieve higher open porosity and better pore connectivity, resulting in the improvement of water absorption and thermal insulation capacity.

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“…The relationship between the abovementioned advantages of foaming and strength reduction always involves a compromise, and the optimum parameters can be found by the proper addition of a foaming agent. Among the most common foaming techniques are the entrapment of air during mixing with surfactants (organic and inorganic technical foams) [ 31 ], and chemical foaming by the addition of peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide [ 32 ], sodium perborate [ 23 ], sodium hypochlorite [ 33 ] and the alkaline oxidation of metals, such as zinc, metallic silicon or aluminum [ 22 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength Parameters of Foamed Geopolymer Reinforced with GFRP Mesh

Krzywoń

Dawczyński

2021

Materials

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The foaming of geopolymers lowers their density, thus opening up new environmental benefits, including acoustic and thermal insulation. At the same time, foaming disturbs the homogeneity of the material, which worsens the strength parameters, and particularly those related to tension, which can be improved by introducing reinforcement. This paper presents the results of research on foamed geopolymers reinforced with glass fiber meshes, a type of reinforcement that provides an adequate bond. The samples tested here were based on three types of coal fly ash, and were foamed with varying doses of hydrogen peroxide. Samples were cured at 40 °C and were tested after 28 days of maturing at ambient temperature. The strength parameters of the synthesized geopolymers were determined via laboratory testing, and were used to evaluate load-bearing capacity models of the tested samples reinforced with glass fiber mesh. The results showed the importance of the type of ash on the strength properties and efficiency of reinforcement. At the same time, a slight deterioration in the glass fibers was noticed; this was caused by the presence of sodium hydroxide solution, which was used as an activator.

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A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Mechanical Performance and Void Structure Change of Foamed Cement Paste Subjected to Static and Cyclic Loading under Plane Strain Conditions

Mechanical Performance and Void Structure Change of Foamed Cement Paste Subjected to Static and Cyclic Loading under Plane Strain Conditions

Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Foams Obtained by Adding Palm Olein as the Foam Stabilizer

Strength Parameters of Foamed Geopolymer Reinforced with GFRP Mesh

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