A Comparative Study of the Influence of Various Fungal-Based Pretreatments of Grape Pomace on Phenolic Compounds Recovery

Abstract

Wineries produce considerable amounts of grape pomace, which is a readily available natural source of bioactive phenolic compounds. In this study, grape pomace was used as a substrate for the cultivation of eleven filamentous fungi (Trametes versicolor TV6, Trametes versicolor TV8, Trametes versicolor AG613, Trametes gibbosa, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Pleurotus eryngii, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma resinaceum, Humicola grisea, and Rhizopus oryzae) under solid-state conditions (SSF) for 15 days with the aim of improving the recovery of the individual phenolic compounds. Twenty-one phenolic compounds were quantified and the recovery of seventeen of them (gallic acid, ellagic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, o-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, epicatechin gallate, galocatechin gallate, quercetin, kaempferol, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, resveratrol, and ε-viniferin) were positively affected by SSF. Ellagic acid is the most recovered compound, whose content increased 8.8-fold after 15 days of biological treatment with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora compared to the untreated initial sample. Among the microorganisms tested, the fungi Pleurotus eryngii and Rhizopus oryzae proved to be the most effective in increasing the recovery of most phenolic compounds (1.1–4.5-fold). In addition, the nutrient composition (proteins, ash, fats) of grape pomace was positively affected by the biological treatments.

Biovalorization of Grape Stalks as Animal Feed by Solid State Fermentation Using White-Rot Fungi

“…The data indicated a higher CP content of GS treated with the WRF when compared with the control (p < 0.05), showing increases of 32, 78, and 106% for P. eryngii, L. edodes, and P. citrinopileatus, and at 42 days of incubation, respectively. These data are consistent with results presented in other studies [16,25,[36][37][38]. One possible explanation for this increase could be related to the analytical method used for N quantification.…”

Physicochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Gastrointestinal In Vitro Behavior of Alginate-Based Microbeads with Encapsulated Grape Pomace Extracts

“…Deng et al [ 52 ] studied the extraction of phenolic compounds from Cabernet Sauvignon GP using two extraction methods (ultrasonic extraction in bath and extraction in environmental shaker) and two solvent mixtures (0.1% HCl/70% acetone/29.9% H 2 O and 70% acetone/30% H 2 O) and obtained higher values for TFC and TPA than in this work, while lower values for TPC were obtained. On the other hand, in their study, Šelo et al [ 6 ] used the same extraction method as in this study, also from the Cabernet Sauvignon variety (Erdut vineyards, Croatia, harvest 2016), and obtained lower values for TPC and TPA. These data show that not only the extraction conditions, but also the agronomic and geographical conditions, as well as the harvest time, have a great influence on the phenolic compound content in the GPE.…”

“…The dried and grounded GP was used directly to determine the dried matter content (91.91 ± 0.01%); ash content [ 29 ]; content of neutral detergent fibers (NDF), acid detergent fibers (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) [ 30 ]; crude proteins content [ 31 ]; total nitrogen (TN) and organic carbon (TOC) content; and free fats content [ 32 ]. Modifications of the original methods and a detailed procedure for the above analyzes were presented in the article published by Šelo et al [ 6 ]. The results of the chemical composition were expressed as the mean of the replicates ± standard deviation (SD).…”

“…The effective utilization of food industry residues, including GP to recover phenolic compounds and produce various other value-added products, is increasingly being considered a sustainable waste management strategy. The valorization of by-products is of great interest for tackling the problems arising from the disposal of GP and for achieving the goals of the circular bioeconomy [ 1 , 5 , 6 ]. Phenolic compounds found in GP can be divided into: flavonoids (flavanols, flavonols, anthocyanins, isoflavones, etc.…”

Antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials of phenolic-rich extracts from biotransformed grape pomace in colorectal Cancer

“…Enzymatic hydrolysis and bioprocesses such as fermentation can result in the release of phenolic components from their conjugates, leading to increased bioactivity [ 22 ]. The bioprocess that has been shown to be effective in releasing large amounts of phenolic compounds and increasing their bioactivity is solid-state fermentation (SSF) [ 23 ]. Due to its economic and sustainable properties, it has been widely explored and applied to obtain high-value compounds from organic wastes [ 24 ].…”