A comparative study of the ablation properties of carbon fiber-reinforced phenolic resin composites with a matrix modified with graphene oxide and graphitic carbon nitride

Ma, Yuanyuan; Yu, Yang; Lü, Chunxiang; Lu, Xiaoxuan; Wu, Shijie; Yu, Zhuang

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2019.03.059

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…of graphene oxide after oxyacetylene flame test. The red parabola represents the ablation depth distribution, while the yellow line represents the ablation central zone (C); SEM fractographs of C-Ph composites and TiBr2/C-Ph composites tested at 1000 °C and their TG/ DTG curves (D) Reprinted with permission from (Granado et al 2019;Granado et al 2018;Ma et al, 2019;Ding et al, 2019).…”

Section: Cyanate-estersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phenolic resins from biomasses have been indeed developed and studied extensively in recent decades, but the search for biobased alternative to standard phenolic in the specific sector of high charring matrices is still ongoing (Loganathan et al, 2021), even though it is predictable that the properties of resin synthesized from bioresources are lower than the raw material derived from oil (Ipakchi et al, 2020;Ma et al, 2020;Guo et al, 2021;Gruber et al, 2021). One example of nanofiller reinforced phenolic composites for ablative purposes comes from the paper of Ma et al, where the authors found that the addition of graphene oxide or graphitic carbon nitride (Figure 8C) (Ma et al, 2019) increased the char yield graphitization level during ablation, helping heat dissipation and thereby increasing the ablation resistance. Other nanoscaled fillers, such as carbon nanotubes, silica, ZrB 2 , ZrSi 2 ,TiB 2 (Figure 8D) have been also studied (Ding et al, 2019): as a representative result, TiB 2 particles included in carbon-phenolic (T/C-Ph) composites prepared by compression moulding reacted, at high temperature, with oxygen-containing molecules, by coating the residue of phenolic after pyrolysis with glassy B 2 O 3 , assuring in this way improved mechanical performance at high temperature.…”

Section: Phenolicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Temperature Composites From Renewable Resources: A Perspective on Current Technological Challenges for the Manufacturing of Non-Oil Based High Char Yield Matrices and Carbon Fibers

et al. 2022

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During last decades a plethora of high temperature materials have been developed to work as a Thermal Protection System (TPS). Carbon based materials such as graphite, which possesses low density, high heat capacity and high energy of vaporization, have been used as TPS material. However, graphite has relatively poor mechanical properties, but exhibits low resistance to the thermal shocks. Accordingly, to bypass the limitation of graphite, carbon fibers are typically introduced in a carbon matrix to produce Carbon/Carbon Composites (CCCs). Among the different families of TPS solutions, Polymeric Ablative Materials (PAMs), produced combining high char yield matrices - mainly phenolic resins - and Carbon Fibers (CFs) are used to manufacture Carbon/Phenolic Composites (CPCs) i.e. the most important class of fiber reinforced PAM. Carbon fibers are traditionally produced from Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Rayon and Pitch. Some limited researches also aimed to use cyanate-esters, bismaleimides, benzoxazines matrices in combination with ex-PAN-CFs, ex-Rayon-CFs, and ex-Pitch-CFs. In our paper, after covering the science and technology of these state-of-the-art fiber reinforced TPS materials, a review of current challenges behind the manufacturing of new, high char yield matrices and carbon fibers derived from alternative precursors will be provided to the reader. In particular, the possibility to produce CFs from precursors different from PAN, Rayon and Pitch will be reported and similarly, the technology of non-oil based phenolics, bismaleimides, cyanate-esters and benzoxazines will be discussed. The effect of the use of nanosized fillers on these matrices will also be reported. More in detail, after a preliminary section in which the state of the art of technologies behind carbon/phenolic composites will be covered, a second part of this review paper will be focused on the most recent development related to non-oil based phenolics and biomass derived carbon fibers. Finally, an outlook focused on the maturity of the lab-scale protocols behind the researches at the base of these non-traditional raw materials from an industrial point of view will conclude this review paper.

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Section: Cyanate-estersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phenolicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Temperature Composites From Renewable Resources: A Perspective on Current Technological Challenges for the Manufacturing of Non-Oil Based High Char Yield Matrices and Carbon Fibers

et al. 2022

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Enhanced ablation resistance of carbon/phenolic composites based on mesophase pitch reinforced particles

Yue,

Huang,

Zou

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Phenolic resin (PR)‐based composites are the main materials used in thermal protection system (TPS) at present. However, the low graphitization degree of the char layer formed by PR easily leads to cracks and other defects. In this study, carbon/phenolic composites were modified by mesophase pitch (MP) to improve the structural strength, fracture toughness and crack propagation resistance. The ablation rate was significantly decreased after MP modification compared with the blank sample. With the increase of MP, the size of cracks and char blocks on the ablation center of the composites were reduced, and the surface was flat and dense. The Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of carbonized composites (5 wt% MP) were 9.79 MPa, and the flexural strength was 121.5 MPa, which improved 62.9% and 40.8% relative to the pure sample. The flexural strength of 5 wt% MP‐reinforced carbon/phenolic composites reached 525.6 MPa, which was 26.9% higher than that of pure carbon/phenolic composites, mainly due to the particle reinforcement effect of MP distributed between carbon fibers. The above results show that the carbon/phenolic composites modified by MP has great application prospects in the field of aircraft thermal protection.

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Silicone-grafted epoxy/carbon fiber composites with superior mechanical/ablation performance

Ling

Zhang

Yan

et al. 2022

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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A comparative study of the ablation properties of carbon fiber-reinforced phenolic resin composites with a matrix modified with graphene oxide and graphitic carbon nitride

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

High Temperature Composites From Renewable Resources: A Perspective on Current Technological Challenges for the Manufacturing of Non-Oil Based High Char Yield Matrices and Carbon Fibers

High Temperature Composites From Renewable Resources: A Perspective on Current Technological Challenges for the Manufacturing of Non-Oil Based High Char Yield Matrices and Carbon Fibers

Enhanced ablation resistance of carbon/phenolic composites based on mesophase pitch reinforced particles

Silicone-grafted epoxy/carbon fiber composites with superior mechanical/ablation performance

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