A Comparative Study of Single-Ended vs. Differential Six-Port Modulators for Wireless Communications

Osth, Joakim; Karlsson, Magnus; Serban, Adriana; Gong, Shaofang

doi:10.1109/tcsi.2014.2362310

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, since, six-port interferometry for metrology is a niche topic. Most research groups focus on the use of the six-port concept as a receiver or even the transceiver for communications [75,76]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six-Port Based Interferometry for Precise Radar and Sensing Applications

Koelpin

Lurz

Linz

et al. 2016

Sensors

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Microwave technology plays a more important role in modern industrial sensing applications. Pushed by the significant progress in monolithic microwave integrated circuit technology over the past decades, complex sensing systems operating in the microwave and even millimeter-wave range are available for reasonable costs combined with exquisite performance. In the context of industrial sensing, this stimulates new approaches for metrology based on microwave technology. An old measurement principle nearly forgotten over the years has recently gained more and more attention in both academia and industry: the six-port interferometer. This paper reviews the basic concept, investigates promising applications in remote, as well as contact-based sensing and compares the system with state-of-the-art metrology. The significant advantages will be discussed just as the limitations of the six-port architecture. Particular attention will be paid to impairment effects and non-ideal behavior, as well as compensation and linearization concepts. It will be shown that in application fields, like remote distance sensing, precise alignment measurements, as well as interferometrically-evaluated mechanical strain analysis, the six-port architecture delivers extraordinary measurement results combined with high measurement data update rates for reasonable system costs. This makes the six-port architecture a promising candidate for industrial metrology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six-Port Based Interferometry for Precise Radar and Sensing Applications

Koelpin

Lurz

Linz

et al. 2016

Sensors

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“…Six‐port circuits are potential candidates for 5G wireless communication due to their broadband capability and easy scalability to millimeter‐wave frequency . In conventional quadrature modulator, the mixing action introduces nonlinear distortions, which become severe with quadrature imbalances .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six‐port modulator (SPM) on the other hand does not require any mixers for modulating in‐phase ( I ) and quadrature‐phase ( Q ) component of baseband data to radio frequency (RF) carrier. The working of SPM is based on passive six‐port correlator (SPC) with ports terminated with variable loads . These variable loads generate variable reflection coefficients at each port of SPC controlled by I and Q data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SPC being entirely passive circuit can easily be scaled to millimeter‐wave frequencies at low cost . The variable loads terminating different ports of SPC in Figure C can be realized using PIN diode capable of operating as switches or transistors . An alternate approach is to use Schottky diode presenting variable load by controlling its bias voltage .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model presents superior performance in comparison to existing models for behavioral modeling as well as digital predistortion (DPD) for distortion mitigation. It is worth mentioning that most of the SPM reported in literature lacks a suitable digital correction scheme resulting into high error vector magnitude (EVM) for high order QAM and long terms evolution signal LTE . In practice, the modulator output must have EVM as low as possible to provide sufficient headroom for nonlinear PA, adding further distortion in subsequent stages of the transmitter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and modeling of hardware imperfections in Schottky diode based six‐port modulator

Pathak

Rawat

2019

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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This article presents digital correction for hardware imperfection in mixer‐less six‐port modulator. A passive six‐port network correlates radio frequency carrier reflected from its different ports. If the reflection coefficients at these ports are controlled by in‐phase and quadrature‐phase baseband data, the modulated information is translated directly over the radio frequency carrier without any mixing action. However, the six‐port modulator has several hardware impairments resulting into linear and nonlinear distortion. This article presents a digital characterization and distortion mitigation scheme for six‐port modulator using new quadrature interference memory polynomial model and its variant. As a proof of concept, a prototype of digitally assisted six‐port modulator is designed to modulate QAM data to radio frequency carrier at 2.0 GHz. The measurement results show the capability of modulating 16 and 64 QAM data with very low EVM less than 1.2% after employing proposed digital correction scheme.

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