A Comparative Study of Polypyrrole and Ag/Polypyrrole Hybrid Nanocomposites as Sensitive Material Used for New Dry Polarizable Bioimpedance Sensors

Abstract

Three types of dry polarizable electric bioimpedance sensor for skin bioimpedance monitoring without skin preparation have been developed. The sensitive materials as a component of these sensors are the conductive polypyrrole and hybrid nanocomposite polypyrrole-Ag, with 10% and 20% Ag incorporated in the polypyrrole matrix. The hybrid nanocomposites Ag nanoparticles (NPs)/polypyrrole were obtained by introducing the colloid solution of Ag NPs in pyrrole solution, followed by polymerisation, and calculated for 10% and 20% of monomer’s mass. The structural characterisation and morphological analysis of these sensitive materials were carried-out by Raman spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In making the electrodes, the technique of pressing powders of polypyrrole and hybrid composites Ag NPs/polypyrrole in a hydraulic press was used in the form of a disk. The electric bioimpedance performance of sensors was investigated using a two-point method in the frequency range of 1–300 kHz, at a voltage of 2 Vpeak-peak, on six human subjects, three men and three women. For these three bioimpedance sensors, it was found that the electric bioimpedance of the skin decreases across the frequency range and shows good linearity of the impedance-frequency curve on the range frequency of interest in bioimpedance measurements.

A controllably fabricated polypyrrole nanorods network by doping a tetra-β-carboxylate cobalt phthalocyanine tetrasodium salt for enhanced ammonia sensing at room temperature

“…The two main peaks of PPy at 1560 and 1334 cm −1 derived from the PPy ring and the CC backbone vibrations, respectively. 67,68 When TcCoPc is doped into PPy, the typical characteristic peaks at 1536 cm −1 (aromatic C–N bond), 1457 cm −1 (CC pyrrole stretching) and 1333 cm −1 (aromatic C–C bond) derived from TcCoPc are shifted to 1544, 1464 and 1339 cm −1 in PPy-0.5TcCoPc hybrid. 69,70 Besides, two new peaks at 754 and 689 cm −1 (assigned to aromatic atoms vibrating in out-of-macrocyclic-ring vibrational modes) are also observed in PPy-TcCoPc hybrid.…”

Effect of Substrate Temperature on Porosity and Gas Sensing Properties of SnO2-B: Doped Polypyrrole Thin Films

“…The resulting black precipitate was filtered and demonized water was used to rinse,then left to dry for 24 hours at ambient temperature followed by drying at 800 0 C for 10h. The oxidative polymerization reaction of pyrrole in the presence of oxidative agent FeCl3 6H2O is described by the following reaction (18).…”

“…Rg and Ro, respectively, are gas and air resistances (17,18). The results of the calculations for sensors fabricated during the current experiment.…”

Improved sensitivity of liquid sensing melt-spun polymer fibers filled with carbon nanoparticles by considering solvent-polymer solubility parameters

“…In specific, nanotechnology based on conductive polymer composites (CPC) filled with carbon nanoparticles offers the advantage of wide versatility and high processability in diverse fabrication techniques over other conventional sensor fabrication techniques. For this reason, nanocomposites (NCs) used as sensing materials can be found in a broad variety of shapes and dimensions, such as films [4], disks [5], balloons [6], 3D-printed structures [7], filaments [8], fibers [9], and many other structures [10]. In addition, various types of conductive carbon fillers such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon black (CB), graphene and graphene-like structures, nanofibers, onion-like structures, and nanohorns can be used, further expanding the range of possibilities [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”