A comparative study of pain experienced during successive mammography examinations in patients with a family history of breast cancer and those who have had breast cancer surgery

Abstract

Introduction: To measure mammography-related pain in two groups of women undergoing regular surveillance as a baseline for future care. Methods: Following ethical approval, two hundred and forty two women aged 32e84 years (mean 54), were invited by written invitation to participate in the study. Two hundred women accepted the invitation, 100 women had a family history (FH) of breast cancer, 100 had undergone conservative surgery (FU) for breast cancer and were currently asymptomatic. A validated pain scale was used to score the participants' perceived pain before compression based on memory, immediately after compression and one week later. A series of baseline parameters were also captured including compression force, breast size/density, menstrual history and any adverse events following mammography to allow the investigation of relationships. Results: There was a strong correlation (r ¼ 0.79, p < 0.001) between previous pain scores and current pain scores, no significant correlations were found between breast size, breast density or total compression force and pain. Pain scores reduced between previous and current examinations and there was consistency in overall pain scores, despite variations in the compression forces applied. Conclusion: Physical side effects from mammography can develop and extend beyond the examination period. Patients' prior experience of pain was the only significant predictor of current pain in this study. Implications for practice: Data on past mammography experiences are essential to improve future pain outcomes. Post-mammography aftercare should be a routine feature of the examination.