A Comparative Study of NiO ( Li )  , LiFeO2, and LiCoO2 Porous Cathodes for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

Makkus, R. C.; Hemmes, K.; Wit, J.H.W. de

doi:10.1149/1.2059349

Cited by 129 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These brilliant properties make them promising candidates for use as anode materials for Li-ion batteries. 2 Among them, nickel oxide is an interesting material due to its applications in diverse fields, including catalysis, 3 electrochromic films, 4,5 fuel cell electrodes, 6,7 gas sensors, 8,9 smart windows, [10][11][12] and lithium-ion batteries. 13,14 Many methods have been used to prepare NiO, such as calcinations of almost any nickel compounds in air, physical and chemical vapor deposition, and the sol-gel process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherical Clusters of NiO Nanoshafts for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

Yuan¹,

Guo

Konstantinov³

et al. 2006

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherical Clusters of NiO Nanoshafts for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

Yuan¹,

Guo

Konstantinov³

et al. 2006

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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“…31,32 However, its physical meaning is still controversial and the resistance seems very small compared to total polarization, so in this study we do not consider it as main kinetic or diffusion impedance. The total electrode polarization of the BSO-coated cell in Figure 8b shows significantly smaller than the standard cell especially at low operating temperatures below 550…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the exact reaction mechanism at the cathode is still doubtful because several conclusions have been claimed about the reaction mechanism at the cathode, such as the peroxocarbonate mechanism 2,31 or mixed of superoxide and peroxide mechanism. …”

Section: Analysis Of the Reaction Mechanism-mentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Cathode for Reduced-Temperature Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

Nguyen

Kang

Ham

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Oxygen solubility is the rate-determining step (RDS) for the reduction reaction on the cathodes of molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs), especially at low operating temperatures below 600 • C. The poor wetting property of the mixed ionic and electronic conductor (MIEC) coating, such as BYS (Bi 1.5 Y 0.3 Sm 0.2 O 3-δ ) on the NiO cathode, to the liquid electrolyte creates openings where oxygen absorption and dissociation take place to provide more oxide ionic species to electrochemical reaction sites (ERSs). Therefore, poor wetting MIEC-coated cells showed a much higher power density compared to standard cells, with a factor of 1.4 at the low operating temperature of 550 • C. Long-term operation of 2500 hours with a low voltage loss of 9 mV suggests that BYS is a promising alternative cathode material for molten carbonate fuel cells.

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“…A feasible path to overcome this is to understand whether the reversed process of oxygen reduction takes place at the NiO electrode or whether there are some other electrochemical/chemical reaction pathways in the electrolysis operation. Several reaction mechanisms for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cell mode have been discussed in the literature, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] see Table 1. The corresponding reaction orders of oxygen and carbon dioxide for these ve mechanisms have been reported by Makkus 13 for varying rate-determining steps (rds).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Makkus et al 12 discussed oxygen mechanism II for the thinlm model. All proposed mechanisms consist of two or more single electron transfer reactions.…”

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Electrode kinetics of the NiO porous electrode for oxygen production in the molten carbonate electrolysis cell (MCEC)

Lindbergh

Lagergren

2015

Faraday Discuss.

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The performance of a molten carbonate electrolysis cell (MCEC) is to a great extent determined by the anode, i.e. the oxygen production reaction at the porous NiO electrode. In this study, stationary polarization curves for the NiO electrode were measured under varying gas compositions and temperatures. The exchange current densities were calculated numerically from the slopes at low overpotential. Positive dependency on the exchange current density was found for the partial pressure of oxygen. When the temperature was increased in the range 600-650 C, the reaction order of oxygen decreased from 0.97 to 0.80. However, there are two different cases for the partial pressure dependency of carbon dioxide within this temperature range: positive values, 0.09-0.30, for the reaction order at lower CO 2 concentration, and negative values, À0.26-0.01, with increasing CO 2 content. A comparison of theoretically obtained data indicates that the oxygen-producing reaction in MCEC could be reasonably satisfied by the reverse of oxygen reduction by the oxygen mechanism I, an n ¼ 4 electron reaction, assuming a low coverage of oxide ions at high CO 2 content and an intermediate coverage for a low CO 2 concentration. IntroductionThere is a growing interest in high-temperature electrolysis cell technology for producing hydrogen and/or syngas, since these fuels are considered important for future energy systems. Electrolysis in molten carbonate salts at high temperature (typically 650 C) is a promising option, especially when in combination with renewable electricity resources such as wind power and/or solar energy. Some researchers have evidenced the possibility of electrolysis in molten carbonates, but mainly by converting CO 2 into CO. 1-4 However, most experiments were performed on ag electrodes, which differ from porous electrodes with regards to the electrode surface and mass-transport properties. Our previous study 5 showed that it is feasible to run the molten carbonate fuel cell reversibly with conventional Ni- View Article OnlineView Journal | View Issue based porous electrodes at 650 C. A lower polarization loss has been found for the electrolysis cell compared to the fuel cell, mainly due to the NiO electrode performing much better as an anode in MCEC mode. 5 The activity of the NiO electrode provides a dominant contribution to the performance of the cell, regardless of fuel cell or electrolyzer operation. Thus, it is essential to elucidate the kinetics at the NiO porous electrode for oxygen reduction in the fuel cell, as well as for oxygen production in the electrolysis cell.However, the kinetics and reaction mechanism at the NiO porous anode for oxygen production in MCEC mode are still unknown. A feasible path to overcome this is to understand whether the reversed process of oxygen reduction takes place at the NiO electrode or whether there are some other electrochemical/chemical reaction pathways in the electrolysis operation. Several reaction mechanisms for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cell mode have been...

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A Comparative Study of NiO ( Li ) , LiFeO2, and LiCoO2 Porous Cathodes for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

Cited by 129 publications

References 4 publications

Spherical Clusters of NiO Nanoshafts for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

Spherical Clusters of NiO Nanoshafts for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

A New Cathode for Reduced-Temperature Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

Electrode kinetics of the NiO porous electrode for oxygen production in the molten carbonate electrolysis cell (MCEC)

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