A comparative study of life cycle carbon emissions and embodied energy between sun-dried bricks and fired clay bricks

Dabaieh, Marwa; Heinonen, Jukka; El-Mahdy, Deena; Hassan, Dalya M.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122998

Cited by 92 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Pozzolanic materials such as furnace slag, fly ash, iron-ore tailing, and FCC catalyst are often utilized in the production of NS-bricks, since their silica-aluminum structure can react with Ca(OH) 2 to form a cementitious substance like calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) and calcium aluminate hydrates (CAH), contributing to the strength development. Dabaieh et al ( 2020 ) proved that the replacement of sintering by an NS-brick can result in a reduction of the energy consumption of 5,305 MJ and the CO 2 emission of 5,907 kg for 1,000 bricks. Wang Y. et al ( 2019 ) adopted an electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) to produce NS-bricks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Spent FCC Catalyst as Fine Aggregate in Non-sintered Brick: Alkali Activation and Environmental Risk Assessment

et al. 2021

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This study focuses on the recycling of a spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst to produce catalyst-based non-sintered bricks (CN-bricks) for the recovery of its aluminosilicate components and the solidification of heavy metals. The effects of the content of cement (10–20%), the proportion of FCC (10–40%), and the type of an activator (NaOH/Na2SiO3/Na2SO4) on the performance of a CN-brick were investigated in terms of the mechanical strength and leaching behavior. The results show that an optimal binder system of 20% cement + Na2SO4 could promote the compressive strength up to 42.3 MPa; the proportion of an optimal spent FCC catalyst of 20% could achieve the lowest porosity and water absorption. The microscopic mechanism of a cementitious process was analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), proving that C-S-H and ettringite (AFt) are the two main hydration products of a CN-brick. Na2SO4 is superior to NaOH or Na2SiO3 as an activator since Na2SO4 takes advantage of the aluminum-rich property of a spent FCC catalyst and specifically promote the formation of a needle-like AFt. Quantitative environmental risk assessment for the utilization of a CN-brick on roads was carried out based on the leaching test of a toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), NEN 7371 maximum availability test, and the hazard Index (HI) identification, and a final HI 0.0045 (<1.0) indicates an acceptable risk for environment and nearby residents as CN-bricks are utilized on roads for 30 years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Spent FCC Catalyst as Fine Aggregate in Non-sintered Brick: Alkali Activation and Environmental Risk Assessment

et al. 2021

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“…Power, water, and soil are the main ingredients that contributed to brick making [7]. The technical specifications of mud bricks in Egypt, which are the main component of walls, and are comparatively the most sustainable walling material for building affordable housing [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Cost Reduction of a Social Housing Building by Using Polyurethane Lightweight Bricks

shaqour¹

2021

GEOMATE

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This study examines the ability to reduce the cost of constructing low-income housing buildings by modifying wall material properties. A new clay brick mixed with polyurethane foam was prepared. Different types of tests were conducted -compression strength, water absorption, thermal conductivity. Three types of studies were conducted literature review, experimental study to prepare samples of the different, and comparative study, to compare the construction costs using ordinary clay bricks and light bricks using the ETAB program. The test results showed that adding foam to the bricks in different proportions weakened the compressive strength of the bricks. The optimum percentage of polyurethane additive to the regular brick mixture is 30% by volume. The use of polyurethane foam bricks on building the social housing project showed a 4.15 % reduction of the total cost. It can be said that reducing the cost of the building will be higher than the calculated percentage in reducing the initial cost based on thermal conductivity tests, which will reduce the cost of the building's life cycle by reducing the cost of energy used in conditioning the building.

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“…La industria de la construcción afecta en gran medida las emisiones de dióxido de carbono; de hecho, el consumo de energía durante la fabricación y transporte de materiales tiene un efecto significativo sobre el medio ambiente, por tanto, la correcta selección de materiales es fundamental para ayudar a ahorrar energía y reducir las emisiones de CO₂ [20]. Uno de los retos de la industria de la construcción es desarrollar estructuras ambientalmente amigables que generen menores emisiones de dióxido de carbono a lo largo de todo el proceso de extracción, transporte y producción de materiales [21]. En respuesta a este reto, se ha probado la incorporación de diferentes sustitutos tales como cenizas volantes, humo de sílice y escoria granulada de alto horno que han sido incorporados en la preparación de materiales, específicamente concretos, y han permitido reducir las emisiones de dióxido de carbono [22].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Evaluación de las propiedades mecánicas de ladrillos elaborados con residuos de vidrio y plástico. Análisis de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono

et al. 2021

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El uso de desechos no biodegradables como el vidrio y el plástico en la industria de la construcción ha recibido atención significativa para un medio ambiente más limpio. Este trabajo presenta un estudio de las propiedades mecánicas de ladrillos que contienen agregados, vidrio y pellets de tereftalato de polietileno. Los ladrillos se fundieron a 240 °C durante 3 horas y se enfriaron por convección natural. Los resultados mostraron que un aumento en el contenido de vidrio y agregados genera un incremento en la densidad, que es superior en las muestras con mayor contenido de agregados. La misma tendencia se observó en la resistencia a la compresión: la muestra con mayor contenido de agregados mostró una mejora del 243 % comparada con la referencia (preparada solo con plástico). Los resultados indicaron que las emisiones de dióxido de carbono disminuyeron alrededor del 30 % en las muestras preparadas, en comparación con los ladrillos tradicionales. Se espera que el uso de residuos de plástico y vidrio en la producción de ladrillos se convierta en una ruta para su valorización.

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A comparative study of life cycle carbon emissions and embodied energy between sun-dried bricks and fired clay bricks

Cited by 92 publications

References 53 publications

Utilization of Spent FCC Catalyst as Fine Aggregate in Non-sintered Brick: Alkali Activation and Environmental Risk Assessment

Utilization of Spent FCC Catalyst as Fine Aggregate in Non-sintered Brick: Alkali Activation and Environmental Risk Assessment

Life Cycle Cost Reduction of a Social Housing Building by Using Polyurethane Lightweight Bricks

Evaluación de las propiedades mecánicas de ladrillos elaborados con residuos de vidrio y plástico. Análisis de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono

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