A Comparative Study of Four Methods for the Detection of Nematode Eggs and Large Protozoan Cysts in Mandrill Faecal Material

Pouillevet, Hanae; Dibakou, Serge Ely; Ngoubangoye, Barthélémy; Poirotte, Clémence; Charpentier, Marie

doi:10.1159/000480233

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…These tools can resolve problems related to the detection of larval stages from the intermediate and paratenic hosts and therefore avoid the sequencing identification by nematode generic primers. A detection limit as low as 1.13 × 10 −3 eggs per gram of positive feces, regardless of consistency, solves the problems associated with conventional protocols requiring fresh equipment [ 38 ]. Data generated by qPCR showed a rate ranging from 0.2 to 1.4 eggs/g according to the fecal consistency, the best record being 113 egg/g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Abbreviata caucasica in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) from Senegal

et al. 2020

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Abbreviata caucasica (syn. Physaloptera mordens) has been reported in human and various non-human primates including great apes. The identification of this nematode is seldom performed and relies on egg characterization at the coproscopy, in the absence of any molecular tool. Following the recovery of two adult females of A. caucasica from the feces of wild Senegalese chimpanzees, morphometric characteristics were reported and new data on the width of the esophagus (0.268–0.287 mm) and on the cuticle structure (0.70–0.122 mm) were provided. The molecular characterization of a set of mitochondrial (cox1, 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA) and nuclear (18S rRNA and ITS2) partial genes was performed. Our phylogenetic analysis indicates for the first time that A. caucasica is monophyletic with Physaloptera species. A novel molecular tool was developed for the routine diagnosis of A. caucasica and the surveillance of Nematoda infestations. An A. caucasica-specific qPCR targeting the 12S gene was assessed. The assay was able to detect up to 1.13 × 10−3 eggs/g of fecal matter irrespective of its consistency, with an efficiency of 101.8% and a perfect adjustment (R2 = 0.99). The infection rate by A. caucasica in the chimpanzee fecal samples was 52.08%. Only 6.19% of the environmental samples were positive for nematode DNA and any for A. caucasica. Our findings indicate the need for further studies to clarify the epidemiology, circulation, life cycle, and possible pathological effects of this infestation using the molecular tool herein developed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Abbreviata caucasica in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) from Senegal

et al. 2020

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“…He was isolated to collect feces. Coprological analyses using sedimentation and flotation methods [ 16 ] revealed the presence of strongylid eggs (250 eggs/g of feces) and ultrasound revealed the presence of nodules the size of a small orange ( Figure 1 ) located on mesenteric tissue, the colon and abdominal wall. Albendazole (valbazen®) treatment was administered by mouth in two doses of 400 mg six months apart as recommended in the literature [ 3 ], although the use of valbazen® in nonhuman primates was not indicated on the label.…”

Section: Case Presentation and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Treatment of Oesophagostomum spp. Nodular Infection in a Chimpanzee at the CIRMF Primatology Center, Gabon

Ngoubangoye

Boundenga

Dibakou

et al. 2021

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

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Oesophagostomosis is a zoonotic disease caused by nematodes of the genus Oesophagostomum in the intestinal walls of many species, including ruminants, pigs, humans, and nonhuman primates. Although great apes appear to tolerate the parasite in the wild, they can develop a clinical form that can lead to death in captivity and the natural environment. At the Primatology Centre of the International Centre for Medical Research in Franceville (CIRMF) in Gabon, we recorded 4 deaths of chimpanzees (Pan t. troglodytes) caused by Oesophagostomum spp. between 2015 and 2019. In each case, coprological analysis was positive for strongylid eggs and abdominal ultrasound revealed nodules about 4 cm in diameter on the intestinal and abdominal walls. Albendazole treatments administered by mouth in two doses of 400 mg six months apart resulted in the disappearance of the parasite in coprological samples but the chimpanzees still died. Autopsies carried out on all four chimpanzees revealed a rupture of the cysts and a discharge of pus into the abdomen in each case. We report surgical management involving the removal of Oesophagostomum spp. cysts from a chimpanzee following coprological analysis and abdominal ultrasound examination. Surgical exploration confirmed the fragility of the cystic walls, the rupture of which we avoided. This 5th new case of Oesophagostomum ssp. nodules recovered without complications following the operation and could rejoin his group. We suggest that surgical intervention should be considered in similar cases in captive primates, especially chimpanzees.

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“…Test tube floatation technique was used to examine organic matter from the samples for ISSN 2157-6076 2020 parasite eggs. A saturated salt solution was used; and this was obtained by adding 400g of NaCl to 1,000 mL of distilled water (Pouillevet et al, 2017). 1g of sample was thoroughly mixed in 15ml of the saturated solution, sieved through a net of 2mm mesh size.…”

Section: Laboratory / Post-mortem Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nematode Parasites of Red Sokoto Goats (Capra hircus) Slaughtered at Trans-Amadi and Rumuokoro Abattoirs, Rivers State, Nigeria

Abere¹,

Robert²,

Amuzie³

et al. 2020

JBLS

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Helminths are common parasitic fauna of goats. This study was aimed at identifying and quantifying the gastrointestinal helminth parasites of Red Sokoto goats slaughtered at Trans-Amadi and Rumuokoro abattoirs, Rivers State, Nigeria. Fifty intestinal tracts were examined at each location accounting for a total of 100 samples from both locations. Samples were weighed and dissected; direct microscopy was used to examine samples for adult helminths and test-tube floatation technique was used to examine organic matter from samples for parasite eggs. Nematodes were identified using keys and fixed in 70% alcohol. Prevalence and mean intensity of infection were computed; product moment correlation and Student t-tests were used for statistical analysis. Two nematode parasites were identified- Haemonchus contortus and Trichuris ovis. In Trans Amadi, prevalence and mean intensity of infection were 46.0% and 13 parasites/infected host, respectively for H. contortus, and 54.0% and 11 parasites/infected host for T. ovis. In Rumuokoro, prevalence of 38.0% and 52.0% were computed for H. contortus and T. ovis, respectively, while the mean intensity were 6 and 8 parasites/infected host, respectively for H. contortus and T. ovis. Single infection with Trichuris ovis was higher (30% Trans Amadi; 34% Rumuokoro) than either single infection with H. contortus or double infection with both parasites. There was a significant correlation between the parasite burden and intestinal mass at Trans-Amadi (r48=0.33, P0.05=0.279), but not at Rumuokoro (r48=0.10, P0.05=0.279). The total prevalence and prevalence of single and double infection at both locations did not differ significantly (t3=0.93, p=0.21). Agricultural extension and meat inspection services should be carried out regularly to educate farmers on the symptoms, impacts, treatment and management of helminth parasites.

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A Comparative Study of Four Methods for the Detection of Nematode Eggs and Large Protozoan Cysts in Mandrill Faecal Material

Cited by 19 publications

References 66 publications

Zoonotic Abbreviata caucasica in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) from Senegal

Zoonotic Abbreviata caucasica in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) from Senegal

Surgical Treatment of Oesophagostomum spp. Nodular Infection in a Chimpanzee at the CIRMF Primatology Center, Gabon

Nematode Parasites of Red Sokoto Goats (Capra hircus) Slaughtered at Trans-Amadi and Rumuokoro Abattoirs, Rivers State, Nigeria

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