A comparative study of food selectivity of the benthic copepod Tigriopus japonicus and the pelagic copepod Paracyclopina nana: A genome-wide identification of fatty acid conversion genes and nitrogen isotope investigation

Lee, Min Chul; Choi, Hyuntae; Park, Jun Chul; Yoon, Dokyoung; Lee, Yoseop; Hagiwara, Atsushi; Park, Heum Gi; Shin, Kyung-Hoon; Lee, Jae‐Seong

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.734930

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Possessing Δ4 desaturases has been previously reported in some microalgae [4] and few vertebrates mostly teleosts [22] but, to the best of our knowledge, this key enzyme has not been hitherto identified in invertebrates. While further investigations will help to clarify the occurrence of Δ4 desaturases among copepods, it is reasonable to speculate that endogenous production via the Δ4 pathway accounts for part of the DHA found in copepods' lipids [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early studies using 14 C-labelled fatty acids suggested some copepods showed the ability to bioconvert PUFA into LC-PUFA [23,24]. Studies involving feeding trials using LC-PUFA-deficient diets or stable isotope labelled fatty acids provided further evidence that Harpacticoida and Cyclopoida copepods possess some capacity to produce n-3 LC-PUFA endogenously [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. However, these studies could not unequivocally establish that the abovementioned metabolic activities observed were indeed due to the copepod's enzymatic complement, and hence it is difficult to completely rule out that LC-PUFA are rather synthesized by microbes that coexist within the copepod.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it is unclear whether, beyond ωx desaturases, copepods have further enzymes such as front-end desaturases and fatty acyl elongases that, along ωx desaturases, enable complete enzymatic activities allowing the production of a variety of LC-PUFA including DHA (figure 1). Recent studies involving genomic and transcriptomic analyses identified sequences of desaturase and elongase genes with putative roles in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis in Harpacticoida and Cyclopoida copepods [31][32][33][34]. However, no functional evidence demonstrating the actual role of these enzymes in the LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways was reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A complete enzymatic capacity for biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 : 6n–3) exists in the marine Harpacticoida copepod Tigriopus californicus

et al. 2021

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The long-standing paradigm establishing that global production of Omega-3 (n–3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) derived almost exclusively from marine single-cell organisms, was recently challenged by the discovery that multiple invertebrates possess methyl-end (or ω x) desaturases, critical enzymes enabling the biosynthesis of n–3 LC-PUFA. However, the question of whether animals with ω x desaturases have complete n–3 LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways and hence can contribute to the production of these compounds in marine ecosystems remained unanswered. In the present study, we investigated the complete enzymatic complement involved in the n–3 LC-PUFA biosynthesis in Tigriopus californicus , an intertidal harpacticoid copepod. A total of two ω x desaturases, five front-end desaturases and six fatty acyl elongases were successfully isolated and functionally characterized. The T. californicus ω x desaturases enable the de novo biosynthesis of C 18 PUFA such as linoleic and α-linolenic acids, as well as several n–3 LC-PUFA from n–6 substrates. Functions demonstrated in front-end desaturases and fatty acyl elongases unveiled various routes through which T. californicus can biosynthesize the physiologically important arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Moreover, T. californicus possess a Δ4 desaturase, enabling the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid via the ‘Δ4 pathway’. In conclusion, harpacticoid copepods such as T. californicus have complete n–3 LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways and such capacity illustrates major roles of these invertebrates in the provision of essential fatty acids to upper trophic levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A complete enzymatic capacity for biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 : 6n–3) exists in the marine Harpacticoida copepod Tigriopus californicus

et al. 2021

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“…The fatty acid composition of C. hyperboreus was measured following a protocol described by (Folch et al., 1957) with minor modifications (Lee et al., 2020). Total lipids were extracted from C. hyperboreus individuals ( n = 1 for each station) with dichloromethane/methanol 2:1 (v/v).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic Dynamics of Calanus hyperboreus in the Pacific Arctic Ocean

et al. 2021

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The Pacific Arctic Ocean receives relatively warm and nutrient-rich Pacific summer water inflow via the Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea. The East Siberian Sea, which is productive and shallow, is situated in the western part of the Pacific Arctic Ocean (Semiletov et al., 2005). In the eastern region, the northern Chukchi Sea, which is poor surface nutrient and have deep basin, is partially located at the surrounding area of the anticyclonic Beaufort Gyre (Coupel et al., 2015). The Pacific Arctic Ocean exhibits rapid responses to environmental change. Strong stratification is caused by incoming sea ice meltwater in summer (McLaughlin et al., 2011). The nutricline and surface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) depth can be deepened by stratification, decreasing primary productivity due to limited nutrient supplies (Coupel et al., 2015; Zhuang et al., 2018). The zooplankton community is tightly tied to the hydrodynamic condition and depends on the composition of their diets. In low-nutrient conditions and a stable water column, smaller phytoplankton such as pico-and nanoplankton are usually dominant (Coupel et al., 2012; He et al., 2012; Li et al., 2009). Whereas, diatom was dominant under high sea ice concentration in nutrient-rich and vertically mixed water column (Lee et al., 2019). The composition of primary producers, the cell sizes of which vary widely,

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“…In our study, another conversion effect is observed in P. nana as the individuals fed R + T present the highest amounts of C16:1 and C16:0, whereas, our results showed that both R. salina and T. lutea contain lower amounts of these two fatty acids than P. lutheri. Lee et al (2020) also showed that the fatty acid contents of P. nana individuals were affected by the fatty acid composition of their microalgal diet. Results from food selectivity experiments of different microalgae species demonstrated that P. nana fed Nannochloropsis oculata contained long-chain saturated fatty acids (C20:0 and C22:0), although this microalgae did not contain any C20:0 and C22:0 fatty acids, indicating that P. nana can biosynthesize saturated fatty acids.…”

Section: Effects Of Microalgal Diet On the Fatty Acid Composition Of P Nanamentioning

confidence: 93%

Microalgal Diet Influences the Nutritive Quality and Reproductive Investment of the Cyclopoid Copepod Paracyclopina nana

et al. 2021

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Copepods represent an interesting alternative or a complement live food to brine shrimps and rotifers commonly used in aquaculture. They constitute the natural prey of many fish species and therefore do not require a potential nutritional enrichment. But an optimization of the microalgal diets used to feed copepods is essential to improve their mass culture. This study examined the effects of seven microalgal diets, namely single-species diets of Rhodomonas salina (R), Tisochrysis lutea (T), and Pavlova lutheri (=Diacronema lutheri) (P), two-species diets (R + T, T + P, and R + P), and a three-species diet (R + T + P), on the fatty acid and monosaccharide composition of the cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana as well as its reproductive investment. Experiments were run during 15 days in 10-L beakers; starting with nauplii collected from a large 300-L batch culture. Copepods fatty acid contents were studied, particularly the relative amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosa-pentaenoic acid (EPA). The R + T, R, and T diets induced the highest total fatty acid amount in copepods. R + T and R also generated the lowest DHA/EPA ratios in copepods due to high EPA contents. The highest value of total monosaccharides was found in copepods fed with R + T + P. Diets R + T and R induced the greatest prosome volumes and clutch volumes in ovigerous females. Both prosome volume and clutch volume in P. nana ovigerous females were correlated to the individual EPA amount. The results demonstrated that all diets including R. salina enhanced the productivity of P. nana in mass culture, particularly when combined with T. lutea. R. salina, and T. lutea induced complementary fatty acid and monosaccharide profiles, confirming that R + T represents the best microalgae combination for productive culture of P. nana. Conversely, P. lutheri did not enhance the nutritional profile nor the fecundity of P. nana in the culture. This study is the first to demonstrate that R. salina is a suitable microalga for productive mass culture of P. nana for use as live food in aquaculture.

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A comparative study of food selectivity of the benthic copepod Tigriopus japonicus and the pelagic copepod Paracyclopina nana: A genome-wide identification of fatty acid conversion genes and nitrogen isotope investigation

Cited by 16 publications

References 74 publications

A complete enzymatic capacity for biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 : 6n–3) exists in the marine Harpacticoida copepod Tigriopus californicus

A complete enzymatic capacity for biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 : 6n–3) exists in the marine Harpacticoida copepod Tigriopus californicus

Trophic Dynamics of Calanus hyperboreus in the Pacific Arctic Ocean

Microalgal Diet Influences the Nutritive Quality and Reproductive Investment of the Cyclopoid Copepod Paracyclopina nana

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