A comparative study of fluoride ingestion levels, serum thyroid hormone & TSH level derangements, dental fluorosis status among school children from endemic and non-endemic fluorosis areas

Abstract

The study was undertaken to determine serum/urinary fluoride status and comparison of free T4, free T3 and thyroid stimulating hormone levels of 8 to 15 years old children with and without dental fluorosis living in an endemic and non-endemic fluorosis area. A sample group of 60 male and female school children, with or without dental fluorosis, consuming fluoride-contaminated water in endemic fluoride area of Udaipur district, Rajasthan were selected through a school dental fluorosis survey. The sample of 10 children of same age and socio-economic status residing in non endemic areas who did not have dental fluorosis form controls. Fluoride determination in drinking water, urine and blood was done with Ion 85 Ion Analyzer Radiometer with Hall et al. method. The thyroid gland functional test was done by Immonu Chemiluminiscence Micropartical Assay with Bayer Centaur Autoanalyzer.The significantly altered FT3, FT4 and TSH hormones level in both group1A and 1B school children were noted. The serum and urine fluoride levels were found to be increased in both the groups. A significant relationship of water fluoride to urine and serum fluoride concentration was seen. The serum fluoride concentration also had significant relationship with thyroid hormone (FT3/FT4) and TSH concentrations. The testing of drinking water and body fluids for fluoride content, along with FT3, FT4, and TSH in children with dental fluorosis is desirable for recognizing underlying thyroid derangements and its impact on fluorosis.

Fluoride, Thyroid Hormone Derangements and its Correlation with Tooth Eruption Pattern Among the Pediatric Population from Endemic and Non-endemic Fluorosis Areas

“…Our results were in concordance with the results obtained by Singh et al and Rathee et al, who also observed similar findings in their study. 6,11 In the present study, it was also observed that functional thyroid alterations were caused by high fluoride exposure, which was in correlation with the results obtained by Xiang et al 12 In a previous study conducted by Singh et al, authors comparatively evaluated the thyroid hormone levels and estimated fluoride status among pediatric subjects of age group of 8 to 15 years. Their study population comprised of two groups; endemic fluoride population, and nonendemic fluoride population.…”

“…They concluded that it is desirable to test the fluoride content of the drinking water among with activity of thyroid hormones in pediatric subjects assessing the effect of deranged thyroid hormones on fluorosis. 6 Hosur et al, in another study, assessed the impact of fluoride-induced thyroid alterations in subjects with dental fluorosis. A total of 65 subjects with dental fluorosis from endemic fluorosis areas were included in their study.…”

“…The interaction between the fluoride ions and hydroxyapatite molecules dramatically affects the different stages of tooth development of other dental tissues (particularly enamel). 6 Hence; under the light of data mentioned above, the current investigation was planned to comparatively evaluate the status of fluoride in the body with the free T4, T3 and TSH levels of pediatric population in areas with and without endemic fluorosis. The present study also aimed to elucidate whether any correlation exists between fluoride and thyroid hormone derangement with delayed tooth eruption.…”

Relationship of Thyroid Hormone Status and Serum Fluoride Level among the Tribal Peoples – A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study

“…In other words, one halogen can displace another one of a higher atomic weight but cannot displace one of lower weight thereby results fluoride-thyroid-iodine antagonism which in turn lead to interference with iodine uptake 14 . In this present study out of 203 study subjects, males were 116 (57.14%) and females were 87 (42.86%).…”

Highly Efficient Fluoride Adsorption in Domestic Water with RGO/Ag Nanomaterials

“…Due to the high solubility of fluorine in water, high fluoride content in drinking water threatens the human environment. Drinking high fluorine 5 water lead to fluorosis and dental fluorosis, even cause bone sclerosis or osteoporosis, bone deformation, even paralysis and make people lose labor ability. With increasing attention about clean environment and 2 human health , technologies with high efficiency and low cost to remove the fluorine content in drinking water and wastewater are in [6][7][8] urgent demand.…”