A Comparative Study of Energy Expenditure in Some Common Daily Activities of Non‐pregnant and Pregnant Chinese, Malay and Indian Women

Banerjee, Bhaswati; Khew, K. S.; Saha, N.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1971.tb00243.x

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Such behavior has previously been shown in laboratory settings (Banerjee et al, 1971;Blackburn and Calloway, 1974), but not during free-living conditions. For the women in the present study, who walked for about 1 h/day, the decreased walking pace reduced TEE by only 80 kJ/24 h, whereas about 720 kJ/24 h was saved by selecting less demanding activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Physical activity pattern and activity energy expenditure in healthy pregnant and non-pregnant Swedish women

Löf

2011

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background/Objectives: Energy costs of pregnancy approximate 320 MJ in well-nourished women, but whether or not these costs may be partly covered by modifications in activity behavior is incompletely known. In healthy Swedish women: (1) to evaluate the potential of the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity (IDEEA) to assess energy expenditure during free-living conditions, (2) to assess activity pattern, walking pace and energy metabolism in pregnant women and nonpregnant controls, and (3) to assess the effect on energy expenditure caused by changes in physical activity induced by pregnancy. Subjects/Methods: Activity pattern was assessed using the IDEEA in 18 women in gestational week 32 and in 21 non-pregnant women. Activity energy expenditure (AEE) was assessed using IDEEA, as well as using the doubly labelled water method and indirect calorimetry. Results: AEE using the IDEEA was correlated with reference estimates in both groups (r ¼ 0.4-0.5; Po0.05). Reference AEE was 0.9 MJ/24 h lower in pregnant than in non-pregnant women. Pregnant women spent 92 min/24 h more on sitting, lying, reclining and sleeping (P ¼ 0.020), 73 min/24 h less on standing (P ¼ 0.037) and 21 min/24 h less on walking and using stairs (P ¼ 0.049), and walked at a slower pace (1.1±0.1 m/s versus 1.2±0.1 m/s; P ¼ 0.014) than did non-pregnant controls. The selection of less demanding activities and slower walking pace decreased energy costs by 720 kJ/24 h and 80 kJ/24 h, respectively. Conclusion: Healthy moderately active Swedish women compensated for the increased energy costs of pregnancy by 0.9 MJ/24 h. The compensation was mainly achieved by selecting less demanding activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Physical activity pattern and activity energy expenditure in healthy pregnant and non-pregnant Swedish women

Löf

2011

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…Studies reporting energy expenditure on various activities for Indian adults are scarce 14,15 and those available are on women engaged in activities other than farming 16,17 . Rural women in India are engaged in domestic chores and also contribute substantially in farming activities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Energy costs of daily activities for women in rural India

Rao

Gokhale

Kanade

2008

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: In view of the paucity of data on energy costs, the present study aimed to estimate these for typical daily activities performed by women in rural India. Design: A cross-sectional study covering 26 different activities was done by indirect calorimetry using the Oxylog TM instrument (Morgan). Settings: Villages about 30-40 km from Pune city, Maharashtra, India. Subjects: Energy costs were measured on 22 rural Indian women aged 18-45 years. Results: Irrespective of whether an activity was domestic or farming, energy cost was lower when performed in sitting position (cleaning grains 5.24 kJ min 21 , plucking leafy vegetables 5.76 kJ min 21 ) and increased considerably with the extent of muscular movement (carrying two water containers 14.77 kJ min 21 , chopping firewood 14.5 kJ min 21 ), indicating the importance of the postural details of the activity. Physical activity ratio computed using the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University equation (PAR w ) was lower for all activities compared with that (PAR m ) based on measured basal metabolic rate, indicating the need for a population-specific equation. Furthermore, PAR w identified more activities as belonging to the 'very light' category (nine out of 26 activities), in contrast to the perception of rural women which was supported with empirical evidence. Estimated daily energy expenditure of the women was 7.69 6 0.63 MJ (1837 6 150 kcal) and identified their daily activity pattern as 'moderate' based on PAL w (1.65 6 0.16) while PAL m (2.04 6 0.18) identified it as 'heavy'. Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of qualitative descriptions of the various activities. The energy costs for several daily activities reported in this study could potentially be used for estimating daily energy expenditure of women from similar rural settings. Keywords Energy costs Daily activity Physical activity ratio Rural Indian womenDiscrepancies between measured intakes and estimates of energy expenditure are commonly reported for marginally malnourished populations in the developing world. Very low levels of energy intake, which appear to be incompatible with the levels of obligatory physical activity associated with rural farming life, are often explained by energy sparing through a decrease in basal metabolic rate (BMR) 1,2 , a decrease in discretional activities 3-5 or a decrease in the energy cost of activities 6 . However, in the real-life situation with marginal but sustained energy stress, the reduction in BMR is believed to be negligible 7 . Although reduction in physical activity appears to be an easy strategy to combat energy stress, it is not always possible in subsistence farming communities 8 . In fact, the change in physical activity that occurs is due only to the seasonality in agricultural tasks 9 . Thus, observed seasonal variation in body weight or body fat 10,11 in such communities reflects a way of coping with their marginal energy stress 12 . With little scope for reduction in activity,...

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“…First, a subject's physical activities, including walking, are logged over the time period of interest (eg 1 week). The energy equivalent of each of these activities is measured or estimated using a calorimeter or tables, respectively (Banerjee et al, 1971). The time spent in each activity is then multiplied by the energy equivalent for that activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracmor system for measuring walking energy expenditure

et al. 2003

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Objective: Walking is an important mode of exercise and is likely to represent a major component of nonexercise activity thermogenesis. The question arises, how best to quantify walking-energy expenditure (EE) in free-living individuals. The triaxial accelerometer for movement registration (Tracmor) is a valid measure of body displacement and so we wanted to evaluate this tool for quantifying walking-EE. Hypothesis: In this study, we test the hypothesis that walking-EE, measured in a Room Calorimeter, can be predicted from Tracmor output using a regression equation derived from a brief Tracmor/treadmill/Metabolic Cart protocol. Design: First, 11 healthy subjects completed a 40-min procedure whereby they wore a Tracmor unit and walked on a treadmill at 0, 1, 2 and 3 mph while EE was measured using a Metabolic Cart. This allowed a regression equation to be defined for each subject to convert Tracmor output to EE. Each subject then entered a Room Calorimeter wearing the Tracmor Unit and walked at two self-selected velocities ('slow', 'fast') while EE was measured. 'Tracmor/regression equation' predictions of walking-EE were compared with Room Calorimeter measurements of walking-EE for the two velocities. Results: The 'Tracmor/regression equation' prediction of EE for walking slowly was 6.3671.67 kJ/min, and for walking fast it was 11.072.60 kJ/min. Room Calorimeter measurements were 6.4371.85 and 10.973.03 kJ/min, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient for slow-paced walking was 0.93 (Po0.001), and for fast-paced walking it was 0.82 (Po0.005).

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A Comparative Study of Energy Expenditure in Some Common Daily Activities of Non‐pregnant and Pregnant Chinese, Malay and Indian Women

Cited by 36 publications

References 2 publications

Physical activity pattern and activity energy expenditure in healthy pregnant and non-pregnant Swedish women

Physical activity pattern and activity energy expenditure in healthy pregnant and non-pregnant Swedish women

Energy costs of daily activities for women in rural India

Tracmor system for measuring walking energy expenditure

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