A Comparative Study of Energy Storage Systems and Active Front Ends for Networks of Two Electrified RTG Cranes

Alasali, Feras; Ĺuque, A.; Mayer, Rayner M.; Holderbaum, William

doi:10.3390/en12091771

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Then, the cargo is transferred by yard truck from the quayside to the yard, where the port stores the containers until transferring them to the cargo owner, using the yard crane [1,2]. The RTG cranes at the Port of Felixstowe have mainly three main types of motors to drive the crane and move containers as follows [4][5][6]:…”

Section: Rtg Cranes and Ess Models Topologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reference value is determined based on an a priori network data together with domain-expert knowledge. Due to the simplicity of these conventional controllers, they have been widely used in RTG crane systems with storage devices for reducing gas emissions and peak demand [5][6][7][8]. Furthermore, the set-point controller is also used as a standard benchmark control system for an ESS in LV applications [9] and RTG cranes [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the highest percentage of energy (65%) consumed by the RTG comes from the hoist motor from lifting the containers rather than the gantry and trolley motors [1][2][3][4]6]. In this article, unlike in the literature, two electrified RTG cranes in the LV network are connected to a central storage device, [2,[4][5][6][7][8] which focuses on energy saving for a single RTG model. Figure 1 shows the single line diagram together with an actual electrical RTG cranes connected at the Port of Felixstowe, UK [10].…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study of Optimal Energy Management Strategies for Energy Storage with Stochastic Loads

et al. 2020

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This paper aims to present the significance of predicting stochastic loads to improve the performance of a low voltage (LV) network with an energy storage system (ESS) by employing several optimal energy controllers. Considering the highly stochastic behaviour that rubber tyre gantry (RTG) cranes demand, this study develops and compares optimal energy controllers based on a model predictive controller (MPC) with a rolling point forecast model and a stochastic model predictive controller (SMPC) based on a stochastic prediction demand model as potentially suitable approaches to minimise the impact of the demand uncertainty. The proposed MPC and SMPC control models are compared to an optimal energy controller with perfect and fixed load forecast profiles and a standard set-point controller. The results show that the optimal controllers, which utilise a load forecast, improve peak reduction and cost savings of the storage device compared to the traditional control algorithm. Further improvements are presented for the receding horizon controllers, MPC and SMPC, which better handle the volatility of the crane demand. Furthermore, a computational cost analysis for optimal controllers is presented to evaluate the complexity for a practical implementation of the predictive optimal control systems.

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Section: Rtg Cranes and Ess Models Topologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study of Optimal Energy Management Strategies for Energy Storage with Stochastic Loads

et al. 2020

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“…Multiple cranes transporting a large payload are commonly used in many industrial applications. 1–8 Suspension cables connect a bulky payload to multiple cranes. Unfortunately, payload oscillations degrade the positioning accuracy, manipulating speed, and safety of cranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and control of three-dimensional dual cranes transporting a bulky payload

Huang

Zhu

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The inevitable oscillations of the payload decrease the positioning accuracy and lessen the safety in dual cranes carrying a large payload. In the presence of the structural flexibility, the dynamics of dual cranes are governed by the payload swing, pitch, and twisting after considering three-dimensional motions. However, little research has been directed at the modeling and control of three-dimensional dual cranes. A dynamic model of three-dimensional dual cranes including the payload swing, pitch and twisting is described. Moreover, a combined modified extra-insensitive input shaper and four-pieces smoother method is proposed to control the swing, pitch, and twisting of the payload. The dynamic behavior of the nonlinear model and the effectiveness of the new control method are verified experimentally on dual cranes carrying a slender beam.

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“…and different uses (heating, hot water production, biofuels and biogas production, etc.). Energy harvested from harbor systems: several publications deal with harvestable energy from quay cranes [23,49,50] and gantry cranes [21,28,42,51,52,63]. When a crane lifts a container down, the potential energy of the container can be transformed into electrical energy through an electrical machine (regenerative braking) [49].…”

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confidence: 99%

Design, Sizing, and Energy Management of Microgrids in Harbor Areas: A Review

et al. 2020

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Energy efficiency and low-carbon energy systems are increasingly taken into account in seaports, due to climate change challenges and the evolution of environmental regulations. Thus, technological breakthroughs must be brought to numerous systems in harbors, such as harbor cranes, seaport vehicles, or the power supply of berthed vessels. These aspects may require the establishment of a microgrid in the harbor area. Microgrids have been subjected to a wide development on the mainland and islands, mostly for domestic loads. However, these are still scarce in harbor areas. Their development in such places faces several challenges, such as high power requirements, monitoring and management of a wide range of loads, energy policy framework, etc. Moreover, the establishment of a microgrid involves a study of sizing and of energy management, to avoid prohibitive costs and to verify load requirements. This paper provides a literature survey related to the development of microgrids in seaport areas. Firstly, the main components that occur in harbor microgrids are listed, and then a review of studies dealing with sizing and energy management is proposed. Finally, from this survey, innovative concepts and barriers are listed, with an up-to-date review of microgrid development in seaports worldwide.

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A Comparative Study of Energy Storage Systems and Active Front Ends for Networks of Two Electrified RTG Cranes

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

A Comparative Study of Optimal Energy Management Strategies for Energy Storage with Stochastic Loads

A Comparative Study of Optimal Energy Management Strategies for Energy Storage with Stochastic Loads

Dynamics and control of three-dimensional dual cranes transporting a bulky payload

Design, Sizing, and Energy Management of Microgrids in Harbor Areas: A Review

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