A comparative study of electrodeposition routes for obtaining silver coatings from a novel and environment-friendly thiosulphate-based cyanide-free electroplating bath
“…A novel thiosulphate-based silver electroplating bath, consisting of other additives like cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane (DABCO), and pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (Niacin) was developed by Bangmaya et al [88]. Ni-coated brass foil was used as WE for the deposition of Ag from the developed bath.…”
“…The coatings deposited via the pulse galvanostatic route had a hardness of 196 ± 6.5 and 227 ± 15.6 VHN at current densities of 0.1 and 0.01 mA cm −2 , respectively. Figure 13. SEM micrographs and EDS analysis of the coatings deposited under (i) pulse and (ii) DC galvanostatic conditions; (iii) visual appearance of the coatings. Table showing the bath composition and the deposition parameters [88] (the images have been reproduced with due permission from the publisher).…”
Section: Different Types Of Silver Electroplating Bathsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…SEM micrographs and EDS analysis of the coatings deposited under (i) pulse and (ii) DC galvanostatic conditions; (iii) visual appearance of the coatings. Table showing the bath composition and the deposition parameters [88] (the images have been reproduced with due permission from the publisher).…”
Section: Different Types Of Silver Electroplating Bathsmentioning
Cyanide-based baths are generally used industrially to produce silver and gold coatings via electroplating. Baths containing ([Au(CN) 2 ] − ) and ([Ag(CN) 2 ] − ) are used for the deposition of gold and silver coatings, respectively. However, due to the severe toxicity, the technical personnel involved in work are at risk. Additionally, the disposal of cyanide-containing wastes poses a significant threat to the environment as they pollute various natural resources. The coatings produced from alkaline cyanide-based baths cause embrittlement of electronic circuit patterns. Due to these reasons, many cyanide-free baths have started to replace the existing cyanide-based baths. In the cyanide-free baths, the primary cyanide complexing agent is replaced with eco-friendly alternative compounds like sulphite, thiosulphate, thiourea, DMH, EDTA, and ionic liquids (ILs). This review article provides an overview of the various cyanide-free electroplating baths available for electroplating silver and gold that are either used for commercial practice or are developed for laboratory-scale use.
“…A novel thiosulphate-based silver electroplating bath, consisting of other additives like cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane (DABCO), and pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (Niacin) was developed by Bangmaya et al [88]. Ni-coated brass foil was used as WE for the deposition of Ag from the developed bath.…”
“…The coatings deposited via the pulse galvanostatic route had a hardness of 196 ± 6.5 and 227 ± 15.6 VHN at current densities of 0.1 and 0.01 mA cm −2 , respectively. Figure 13. SEM micrographs and EDS analysis of the coatings deposited under (i) pulse and (ii) DC galvanostatic conditions; (iii) visual appearance of the coatings. Table showing the bath composition and the deposition parameters [88] (the images have been reproduced with due permission from the publisher).…”
Section: Different Types Of Silver Electroplating Bathsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…SEM micrographs and EDS analysis of the coatings deposited under (i) pulse and (ii) DC galvanostatic conditions; (iii) visual appearance of the coatings. Table showing the bath composition and the deposition parameters [88] (the images have been reproduced with due permission from the publisher).…”
Section: Different Types Of Silver Electroplating Bathsmentioning
Cyanide-based baths are generally used industrially to produce silver and gold coatings via electroplating. Baths containing ([Au(CN) 2 ] − ) and ([Ag(CN) 2 ] − ) are used for the deposition of gold and silver coatings, respectively. However, due to the severe toxicity, the technical personnel involved in work are at risk. Additionally, the disposal of cyanide-containing wastes poses a significant threat to the environment as they pollute various natural resources. The coatings produced from alkaline cyanide-based baths cause embrittlement of electronic circuit patterns. Due to these reasons, many cyanide-free baths have started to replace the existing cyanide-based baths. In the cyanide-free baths, the primary cyanide complexing agent is replaced with eco-friendly alternative compounds like sulphite, thiosulphate, thiourea, DMH, EDTA, and ionic liquids (ILs). This review article provides an overview of the various cyanide-free electroplating baths available for electroplating silver and gold that are either used for commercial practice or are developed for laboratory-scale use.
“…However, its extreme toxicity poses a high risk to human health and the environment [ 40 , 41 ]. A variety of complexing agents have been proposed for cyanide-free solutions, such as thiosulfate [ 42 , 43 , 44 ], 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid [ 45 ], 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) [ 40 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ], nicotinic acid [ 50 ], uracil [ 51 , 52 ], and ionic liquids [ 53 , 54 ]. Among those agents, DMH is a potential candidate because it can form relatively stable anionic complexes with Ag ions and produce a uniform and bright silver coating [ 46 ].…”
In this work, bilayer nanocoatings were designed and constructed on high-performance aromatic polysulfonamide (PSA) fibers for robust electric conduction and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. More specifically, PSA fibers were first endowed with necessary electric conductivity via electroless nickel (Ni) or nickel alloy (Ni-P-B) plating. Afterward, silver electroplating was carried out to further improve the performance of the composite. The morphology, microstructure, environmental stability, mechanical properties, and EMI shielding performance of the proposed cladded fibers were thoroughly investigated to examine the effects of electrodeposition on both amorphous Ni-P-B and crystalline Ni substrates. The acquired results demonstrated that both PSA@Ni@Ag and PSA@Ni-P-B@Ag composite fibers had high environment stability, good tensile strength, low electric resistance, and outstanding EMI shielding efficiency. This indicates that they can have wide application prospects in aviation, aerospace, telecommunications, and military industries. Furthermore, the PSA@Ni-P-B@Ag fiber configuration seemed more reasonable because it exhibited smoother and denser silver surfaces as well as stronger interfacial binding, leading to lower resistance (185 mΩ cm−1) and better shielding efficiency (82.48 dB in the X-band).
“…Electrodeposition is the most economical method for the production of these metallic coated dental caps. [3][4][5] Ceramics like zirconia (ZrO 2 ) has been extensively utilised bio inert ceramic for biomedical usage for the past four decades because of its notable features like good chemical and thermal stability, excellent osteoactivity and high hardness. [6][7][8] However, the utilisation of ZrO 2 has not been accompanied in its pure form due to the existence of three different polymorphs such as monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic at room temperature.…”
Zirconia based ceramics are giving new hope in hard tissues replacement and implants application. Among the three forms of zirconia (ZrO2), tetragonal form ( t-ZrO2) possess high mechanical stability in comparison with the other two which makes it suitable for fabricating biomedical implants with enhanced osteo activity. Here, tetragonal phase nanospheres consisting of silica stabilised zirconia (1:1) were prepared via sol gel method. The nanospheres exhibit sea urchin type morphology as observed from FESEM analysis. XRD patterns confirm the formation of t -SiO2-ZrO2 binary phase after high temperature calcination at 650°C. The immersion studies in SBF help in the formation of a layer of apatite in a gradual manner over the pallets for the period of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days which was confirmed by XRD, FTIR analysis. Moreover, t- SiO2 – ZrO2 samples were subjected to cytotoxicity tests through MTT assay on MG-63 cell lines. Antibacterial properties were investigated quantitatively using colony forming unit method against both gram positive as well as gram-negative bacteria.
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