A Comparative Study of Dry and Wet Milling of Barley Malt and Its Influence on Granulometry and Wort Composition

Abstract

Abstract:Beer is a fermented drink produced from a wort comprised of barley malt, hops, and water in combination with activity from the yeast strains of the genus Saccharomyces. The beverage is consumed around the world and has a global market controlled by several multinational companies. However, in recent years, it has been possible to note an increase in the number of microbreweries and homebrewers, necessitating additional research both to develop and increase competitiveness of this market sector as well as to improve product quality and promote the reduction of production costs. The process of milling barley malt is often not considered relevant to these goals; however, this operation is influential with regard to, for example, mashing yield, the concentration of polyphenols in beer, and the quality of wort clarification. Therefore, this work evaluates the wet (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% moisture content) and dry barley malt milling process as well as analyzes particle size distribution and the mean diameter of particles. The milled grains were submitted to a mashing process to evaluate how particle size contributes to the conversion of starch to sugars and the availability of polyphenols on sweet wort. The results indicate the best milling conditions to obtain a good mashing yield while preserving as much malt husk as possible to facilitate wort clarification.

Non-Alcoholic and Craft Beer Production and Challenges

“…The brewing process can be divided into the following steps: Malting, milling, mashing, boiling, cooling, fermentation, maturation, filtration, carbonation, microbiological stabilization, and packaging. However, the advanced techniques have allowed brewers to produce beer in a more sophisticated and efficient way [2]. The huge popularity of beer arises from its pleasant sensory attributes and favorable nutritional characteristics as well as its lower cost, compared to other types of alcoholic beverages [2,3].…”

“…However, the advanced techniques have allowed brewers to produce beer in a more sophisticated and efficient way [2]. The huge popularity of beer arises from its pleasant sensory attributes and favorable nutritional characteristics as well as its lower cost, compared to other types of alcoholic beverages [2,3]. Also, beer gains interest due to the potential medicinal properties as a valuable source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants providing various health benefits [4].…”

Cold mashing - Analysis and optimization of extraction processes at low temperatures in the brewing process

“…For this purpose, malt was used in various dry milled grain fractions. Amongst others, milling conditions are supposed to have a strong impact on wort quality [18]. Varied parameters in cold mashing were temperature, grain size of the malt, mixing ratio of malt and water, mash time and various multi-stage process variations.…”

The Beer's Journey from grain to the table, from the view of the economic and food safety of the value chain, through indepth interviews

“…The classic brewing process can be divided into the following steps: malting, grinding, mashing, boiling, cooling, fermentation, aging, filtering, carbonization, microbiological stabilization and packaging. However, advanced techniques have allowed brewers to create beer using more sophisticated and efficient methods (Moura et al, 2018). Craft beers and craft brewers are characterized by innovation through the development of new beer varieties (Salantă et al, 2020).…”