A comparative study of combustion in kerosine heaters

Lionel, T.; Martin, R. J.; Brown, Nancy J.

doi:10.1021/es00143a010

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Reported comparisons of radiant and convective heaters have shown similar differences [3,5,7,9]; however, one study has reported no differences be tween heater types [2]. In the present study, the homes having multistage elements (2, 5) yielded some of the higher CO levels.…”

Section: -22supporting

confidence: 38%

“…There are known differences in emissions from radiant, convective and multistage (combination) heater designs [2][3][4][5][6][7], Homes in this study with multistage combustion chamber (2, 5) and radiant had the highest CO emission rates with the exception of home 2. The high value seen with this convective heater (271.6 jig/kJ) is typical of some low-efficiency radiant designs.…”

Section: -22mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…These heaters, designed to decrease pol lutant emissions, have been shown to typically yield lower CO emission rates than the other two heater types. Emis sion values of 2-4 times less (convective) and 100 times less (radiant) have been described [7]. Emission rates are dependent upon BTU output, age and height of the wick and other operating parameters.…”

Section: -22mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect on Carbon Monoxide Levels in Mobile Homes Using Unvented Kerosene Heaters for Residential Heating

Williams¹,

Walsh²,

White³

et al. 1992

Indoor Built Environ

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Carbon monoxide (CO) emission levels were continuously monitored in 8 mobile trailer homes less than 10 years old. These homes were monitored in a US Environmental Protection Agency study assessing the effects of unvented kerosene heaters on indoor air quality. Respondents were asked to operate their heaters in a normal fashion. CO, air exchange rates and temperatures were measured during the study in each home. Results indicated that these small homes (<100 m2 internal space), having low air exchange rates/h (<0.5), showed elevated indoor CO levels during heater use. Three of the 8 homes in the study had 8-hour averages above or near the 9-ppm US standard for exposure. Seven of the homes were found to have a significant increase of CO during combustion periods as compared with background levels; one home routinely had levels of 30-50 ppm for prolonged exposures. These results may indicate that consumers using unvented kerosene heaters are being unknowingly exposed to high CO levels and thus not taking proper precautions.

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Section: -22supporting

confidence: 38%

Section: -22mentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: -22mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect on Carbon Monoxide Levels in Mobile Homes Using Unvented Kerosene Heaters for Residential Heating

Williams¹,

Walsh²,

White³

et al. 1992

Indoor Built Environ

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show abstract

“…[1][2][3][4][5] The major species of concern often include CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, and total hydrocarbons (THCs). A commonly used method to measure emissions of these compounds from various sources involves the collection of source samples into a container.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The MMT Bag for Emission Source Sampling: Design and Evaluation

Fan

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2001

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This paper presents the design and evaluation results for a metal-coated multilayer Tedlar (MMT) bag that was developed for the collection of source emissions. The applicability of the MMT bag was evaluated for a number of important greenhouse relevant gases: CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, and total hydrocarbons (THCs). The bag was tested for durability and stability for a range of concentrations of the tested compounds using both laboratory-prepared samples and real source samples. The results show that all tested compounds were more stable when stored in the MMT bag than when stored in a regular Tedlar bag. These compounds can be stored at room temperature for at least 3 months without significant changes in concentration. When properly packed, the MMT bag is durable and may be shipped by air. The MMT bag is lower in cost, lighter in weight, and easier to clean, and it requires less devices during the subsequent laboratory analysis compared with a stainless steel canister, which is often used to collect air and source samples. IMPLICATIONSThe development of a reliable, economical, and easy-touse storage and shipping procedure for samples of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants is important for accurately measuring these emissions from the wide variety of source types dispersed throughout the world. The MMT bag presented in this paper has proved to be a reliable sampling tool for the collection of gaseous pollutants, such as CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O, from various emission sources. The bag can be used and reused for collection, transport, and storage of emission samples, which can be subsequently analyzed in a laboratory.

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“…q=1.2QAT [4] The infiltration loss is calculated with equation 4 (79 q = (GLF)A [5] Equation [5] was used for the cooling load due to glass. The glass load factor , GLF, includes effects of both transmission and solar radiation and is determined from ASHRAE Tables 25-3 (79) according to window orientation, type of glass, interior shading, and outdoor design temperature.…”

A comparative study of combustion in kerosine heaters

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Effect on Carbon Monoxide Levels in Mobile Homes Using Unvented Kerosene Heaters for Residential Heating

Effect on Carbon Monoxide Levels in Mobile Homes Using Unvented Kerosene Heaters for Residential Heating

The MMT Bag for Emission Source Sampling: Design and Evaluation

Indoor air quality impacts of residential HVAC systems, phase I report:

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