A Comparative Study of Biodegradation of Nickel and Chromium from Space Maintainers: An in vitro Study

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the in vitro biodegradation of nickel and chromium from space maintainers, made of three different companies, i.e (Dantaurum, Rocky mountain and Dtech) in artificial saliva.Materials and methods: The study comprised of 30 space maintainers out of which 10 were fabricated using Dantaurum, 10 using Rocky mountain and 10 using Dtech band materials. Stainless steel wire (Dantaurum, Rocky mountain and Konark) was used for making loops and Leone solder and flux was used for soldering. Each group was further divided into four subgroups containing 1, 2, 3 and 4 space maintainers respectively. The space maintainers in each subgroup were placed in separate glass beakers containing 100 ml of artificial saliva at 37°C for 4 weeks. Salivary samples from each beaker was analyzed for nickel and chromium ions separately on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer.Results: Total release of nickel and chromium from all band and loop space maintainers ranged from 0.020 to 1.524 ppm and 0.002 to 0.289 ppm respectively. The release of nickel and chromium between the groups and within the groups was not significant (p < 0.5).Conclusion: There was no substantial release of nickel and chromium from space maintainers made of Dantaurum, Rocky mountain and Dtech which could cause any toxicity.How to cite this article: Anand A, Sharma A, Kumar P, Sandhu M, Sachdeva S, Sachdev V. A Comparative Study of Biodegradation of Nickel and Chromium from Space Maintainers: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015; 8(1):37-41.

Detection of Ni, Fe, and Cr Released in Saliva after Prefabricated Metal Crown Placement in Children

“…The results show that the amounts of metals released by the PMCs are not toxic to health (toxic dose: 2.5 mg/mL, oral lethal dose: 50-500 mg/kg) [17]. However, the risk of developing allergic reactions has been well documented [16,20].…”

“…These metals have been studied because of their controversial effects on health [16]. Ni is integrated into steel alloys to stabilize the austenitic phase, maintain polish, and decrease its ductility; similarly, Cr increases corrosion resistance [17].…”

“…Previous studies suggest that it is preferable to use salivary samples from patients who require oral rehabilitation with PMCs instead of an in vitro model, because of the advantage represented by studying this release in a dynamic environment [12].…”

“…Studies have shown that the release of Ni and Cr in patients with PMCs is much lower than levels of these elements that are ingested in the daily diet [11]. Special attention has also been paid to these metals because they have carcinogenic and mutagenic potential [12].…”

Comparative Evaluation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Different Brands of Primary Molar Stainless-Steel Crowns: An In Vitro Study

“…There are reports that the stainless steel alloys can lead to DNA damage. Even non-toxic concentrations of nickel can induce changes in DNA [19], [20]. Additionally, sensitivity to nickel around the oral cavity is another common problem [21], [22].…”