The
nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contains
genes for two types of ferritin (ftn-1 and ftn-2) that express FTN-1 and FTN-2. We have
expressed and purified both proteins and characterized them by X-ray
crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy,
dynamic light scattering, and kinetically by oxygen electrode and
UV–vis spectroscopy. Both show ferroxidase activity, but although
they have identical ferroxidase active sites, FTN-2 is shown to react
approximately 10 times faster than FTN-1, with L-type ferritin character
over longer time periods. We hypothesize that the large variation
in rate may be due to differences in the three- and four-fold channels
into the interior of the protein 24-mer. FTN-2 is shown to have a
wider entrance into the three-fold channel than FTN-1. Additionally,
the charge gradient through the channel of FTN-2 is more pronounced,
with Asn and Gln residues in FTN-1 replaced by Asp and Glu residues
in FTN-2. Both FTN-1 and FTN-2 have an Asn residue near the ferroxidase
active site that is a Val in most other species, including human H
ferritin. This Asn residue has been observed before in ferritin from
the marine pennate diatom Pseudo-mitzchia multiseries. By replacing
this Asn residue with a Val in FTN-2, we show that the reactivity
decreases over long time scales. We therefore propose that Asn106
is involved in iron transport from the ferroxidase active site to
the central cavity of the protein.