A Comparative Ontogenetic Approach to Understanding the Pseudomonomerous Gynoecium in Moraceae

Leite, Viviane Gonçalves; Basso-Alves, João Paulo; Gualberto, Aline Rejane Silveira; Teixeira, Simone de Pádua

doi:10.1086/706452

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Gynoecium vascularization among urticalean rosids is highly variable. The gynoecium may be served by two dorsal and four ventral bundles as in Ulmaceae (Bechtel, 1921;Eckardt, 1937;Omori and Terabayashi, 1993), by two dorsal bundles and a ventral one as in Cannabaceae (Leme et al, 2020b; this study) and in Moraceae (Leite et al, 2020) or by one vascular bundle connecting to the ovule and the other that goes toward the style and stigma as in Urticaceae . Although species of Cannabaceae, Moraceae, and Ulmaceae display vascular bundles of a second carpel, the presence of such a carpel was not detected in the gynoecium of Parietaria debilis (Urticaceae: .…”

Section: Pseudomonomerous Gynoeciummentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The sampled species of Celtis (this study; Eckardt, 1937;Chernik, 1981) and other urticalean rosids (Eckardt, 1937;Weberling, 1989;Leite et al, 2020;Leme et al, 2020a; display a pseudomonomerous gynoecium, evidenced by the emergence of two carpel primordia and by the gynoecium vascularized by two dorsal bundles. In an anatomical study of two Old World species (C. caucasica, C. glabrata), Chernik (1981) correctly described the dorsal bundles of the two carpels and also identified the vascular bundle that supplies the ovule.…”

Section: Pseudomonomerous Gynoeciummentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Based on our tomographic analyses, we could show that this bundle actually merges with the dorsal bundle of the fertile carpel and, therefore, most likely corresponds to the ventral bundle of the fertile carpel. Although the occurrence of a pseudomonomerous gynoecium is widely distributed among urticalean rosids, there is considerable variability in developmental pathways, carpel number (Leite et al, 2020), and the placement and number of vascular bundles (Eckardt, 1937;Chernik, 1981;Omori and Terabayashi, 1993). This variability is explained by the repeated, independent evolution of pseudomonomery from ancestral dimerous syncarpy across the order Rosales.…”

Section: Pseudomonomerous Gynoeciummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floral morphogenesis of Celtis species: implications for breeding system and reduced floral structure

Leme

Staedler

Schönenberger

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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Premise: Celtis is the most species-rich genus of Cannabaceae, an economically important family. Celtis species have been described as wind-pollinated and andromonoecious. However, the andromonoecy of Celtis has been debated because there are reports of monoclinous flowers with non-opening anthers on short filaments. Our objective was to study the floral morphogenesis of Celtis to establish the breeding system and to better understand the developmental patterns that lead to the formation of reduced flowers in the genus. Methods: Flowers and floral buds of Celtis species were studied using scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution x-ray computed tomography, and light microscopy. Results: All flowers initiate stamens and carpels during early floral development, but either stamens or carpels abort during later stages. Thus, at anthesis, flowers are either functionally pistillate or functionally staminate. In pistillate flowers, stamens abort late and become staminodes with normal-looking anthers. These anthers have no functional endothecium and, in most of the species studied, produce no viable pollen grains. The gynoecium is pseudomonomerous, and its vascularization is similar in the sampled species. In staminate flowers, the gynoecium aborts early resulting in small pistillodes. No vestiges of petals were found. Conclusions: The species studied are monoecious and not andromonoecious as described earlier. The absence of petals, the carpel and stamen abortion, and the pseudomonomerous gynoecium result in the reduced flowers of Celtis species. The use of high-resolution x-ray computed tomography was essential for a more accurate interpretation of ovary vascularization, confirming the pseudomonomerous structure of the gynoecium.

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Section: Pseudomonomerous Gynoeciummentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Pseudomonomerous Gynoeciummentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Pseudomonomerous Gynoeciummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floral morphogenesis of Celtis species: implications for breeding system and reduced floral structure

Leme

Staedler

Schönenberger

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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“…It is also interesting that although two carpels are initiated in each flower, only one carpel forms an ovule; consequently, the stigmatic surface is equivalent to that required by two carpels and two ovules, when in fact, the flower is uniovulate. The asymmetry between stigmatic surface and ovule number likely results from selection to increase pollen-ovule ratio in this highly specialized mutualism (Leite et al, 2020).…”

Section: Type Of Stigma and Pollinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We need to determine how syconia delay their development over longer or shorter time scales, from days to weeks to months. We need comparative studies of floral development across Ficus and its relatives (Leite et al, 2020).…”

Section: A Plethora Of Unanswered Questions In An Ideal Model Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions Between Figs and Gall-Inducing Fig Wasps: Adaptations, Constraints, and Unanswered Questions

Borges

2021

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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The ancient interaction between figs (Ficus, Moraceae) and their pollinating fig wasps is an unusual example of a mutualism between plants and gall-inducing insects. This review intends to offer fresh perspectives into the relationship between figs and the diversity of gall-inducing sycophiles which inhabit their enclosed globular inflorescences that function as microcosms. Besides gall-inducing pollinators, fig inflorescences are also inhabited by other gall-inducing wasps. This review evaluates the state of current knowledge on gall-induction by fig wasps and exposes the many lacunae in this area. This review makes connections between fig and gall-inducing wasp traits, and suggests relatively unexplored research avenues. This manuscript calls for an integrated approach that incorporates such diverse fields as life-history theory, plant mate choice, wasp sexual selection and local mate competition, plant embryology as well as seed and fruit dispersal. It calls for collaboration between researchers such as plant developmental biologists, insect physiologists, chemical ecologists and sensory biologists to jointly solve the many valuable questions that can be addressed in community ecology, co-evolution and species interaction biology using the fig inflorescence microcosm, that is inhabited by gall-inducing mutualistic and parasitic wasps, as a model system.

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Morphology, structure, and histochemistry of the inflorescences, fruit, and seed of the Ramón nut, Brosimum alicastrum Sw. subsp. alicastrum CC Berg (Moraceae)

et al. 2021

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A Comparative Ontogenetic Approach to Understanding the Pseudomonomerous Gynoecium in Moraceae

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Floral morphogenesis of Celtis species: implications for breeding system and reduced floral structure

Floral morphogenesis of Celtis species: implications for breeding system and reduced floral structure

Interactions Between Figs and Gall-Inducing Fig Wasps: Adaptations, Constraints, and Unanswered Questions

Morphology, structure, and histochemistry of the inflorescences, fruit, and seed of the Ramón nut, Brosimum alicastrum Sw. subsp. alicastrum CC Berg (Moraceae)

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