A comparative experimental study of the use of toluene and isopropyl alcohol gel in cleaning wax stains from paper supports

Abstract

Purpose The aim of the present paper to compare the cleaning treatments of paper samples exposed to artificial aging, toluene and isopropyl alcohol gel in cleaning wax stains. Design/methodology/approach In total, paper samples were made from wood pulp. They had a deterioration phenomenon represented in the stains of the paraffin wax, so two types of cleaning were used: A traditional method using a toluene solution and another new method using isopropanol gel by a cotton swap in a circular movement until the completion of the cleaning process. Then, all paper samples were treated with toluene and isopropanol to handle the second artificial aging and detect how the samples were affected by artificial aging. For identifying the efficacy of these materials in removing paraffin wax stains, a range of examinations and analyses were used, such as universal serial bus, scanning electron microscope, infrared analysis (IR), pH analysis, color change analysis. Moreover, these results were compared with the standard sample’s results. Findings The results of examinations and analyses proved that the use of toluene affected the paper samples. Their effects were twice as weak, fragile and degraded paper fibers compared to isopropanol gel. Therefore, the isopropanol gel is preferred for paper cleaning to the toluene solution. Originality/value This paper highlights the efficiency of isopropyl alcohol gel in cleaning wax stains from historical paper supports.

Assessment of Texapon N 70 microemulsion confined in PVA/ gel for removal of wax stain from marbled endpapers dating back to the 19th century

“…The spectra of stained sample showing the intensity of the bands in the 1700 to 1550 cm -1 are considerably smaller compared with untreated samples [18,19]. An increase in the OH stretching region is noted, which proved the efficiency of Texapon for removing of wax stain.…”