A Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Manufacturing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured PA and CF-Reinforced PA Materials

Abstract

Nowadays, 3D printers, which have a wide range of applications, continue to become widespread and are more and more common. As a result, in addition to the visuality of the parts produced with this method, their mechanical properties have gained importance depending on where they are used. In addition to the many conveniences, it provides during the design and production phases according to traditional methods the features of the printing parameters used, especially the printing direction and angle, which vary depending on the direction. For this reason, it is necessary to determine how the mechanical properties change depending on these parameters. In this study, compression, tensile, and bending tests were carried out with samples produced by the FDM method using polyamide (PA) and carbon fiber reinforced PA (PA-CF) filaments. The effects of fiber reinforcement, raster angle, and frame on the mechanical properties were evaluated. The porosity of manufactured parts was also discussed.

A Study on Mechanical Properties of Low-Cost Thermoplastic-Based Materials for Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing

“…Moreover, Tough PLA had a more ductile behavior, with higher elongation values regardless of the raster orientation, as can be observed in Figure 7 a,b, where a comparison between the stress–strain curves of the materials and raster orientations tested is presented. This behavior was consistent with the findings of other authors [ 20 , 21 , 23 ].…”

“…A complete rupture occurred on the UltraFuse PAHT CF 15 specimens. Similar damage was observed for UltraFuse PAHT CF15 by Tutar [ 23 ].…”

“…The values recorded for UltraFuse PAHT CF15, regardless of the raster orientation used, were slightly lower than those reported by Tutar [ 23 ] for the framed specimens, and higher than those obtained for the unframed specimens. Despite this, he obtained the highest tensile strength for the framed ±45° manufactured specimens, while in the present case, the 90°/0° raster orientation ensured the highest mechanical performances.…”

Optimization of Charpy Impact Strength of Tough PLA Samples Produced by 3D Printing Using the Taguchi Method

“…In today’s world, many manufacturing sectors increasingly require cost-effective, high-quality, customized components with the necessary mechanical features [ 1 , 2 ]. Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing represents a crucial advancement in producing components featuring intricate geometries and desired characteristics [ 3 , 4 ]. Unlike conventional machining technologies, AM technologies enable the manufacturing of the physical part from three-dimensional computer-aided data, layer by layer, using as much material as needed [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Stress relaxation of 3D printed PLA of various infill orientations under tensile and bending loadings

“…Numerous researchers investigated the effect of printing parameters and post‐processing on the mechanical properties of 3D printed parts 3–9 . From this research, it can be concluded that optimizing the process parameters, post‐processing such as heat treatment, or using reinforced materials can improve mechanical strength 10–12 . In the majority of the studies, the time‐independent mechanical properties obtained by tensile, compression, bending, impact testing, or other properties like surface roughness and wear has been investigated.…”