A comparative evaluation of the impact of average speed enforcement (ASE) on passenger and minibus taxi vehicle drivers on the R61 in South Africa

Akpa, N.A. Ebot Eno; Booysen, M.J.; Sinclair, M.

doi:10.17159/2309-8775/2016/v58n4a1

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…We plotted an overlay heatmap showing the intensity variation of minibus taxi activity (based on the count of GPS data points) as shown in Figure 1.1. We could see four high-intensity areas: Stellenbosch, Kraaifontein, Mitchells Plain and Somerset West, which we interpreted as the epicentres of minibus taxi activity, a view that closely corroborates with the areas identified by an earlier study [52].…”

Section: Visual Inspection Of Raw Gps Datasupporting

confidence: 88%

See 1 more Smart Citation

e-Quantum leap on a data highway: Planning for electric minibus taxis in sub-Saharan Africa's paratransit system

Booysen¹,

Abraham²,

Ndibatya³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Minibus taxis are ubiquitous in the developing cities of the Global South. This versatile, and somewhat chaotic public transport system is now faced with the need to move to renewable energy. But the looming roll-out of electric vehicles poses a threat to the already fragile electrical grids of African cities. This chapter evaluates the energy requirements of decarbonisation and evaluates two types of data, passenger-based and vehicle-based, from research in South Africa that has modelled these taxis. Using these two data capture methods, we assess the energy requirements and charging opportunities for electric minibus paratransit in three African cities and compare the results of the two methods to assess their suitability for planning minibus taxi electrification.

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Section: Visual Inspection Of Raw Gps Datasupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This is because some taxis start long-distance weekend trips on Friday evenings. [52,61]. The mean energy required per day was 212 kWh, and the mean distance was 228 km.…”

Section: Energy Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

e-Quantum leap on a data highway: Planning for electric minibus taxis in sub-Saharan Africa's paratransit system

Booysen¹,

Abraham²,

Ndibatya³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Not only is this profile clearly defined, but the variation between taxis, shown by the minimum and maximum profiles in the shaded area, is minimal. The only substantial deviation is the increase in the maximum profile just after 9:00 pm, which results from the long-distance journeys over weekends (departing at 9:00 pm on Friday evenings) and holidays, as reported by Ebot Eno Akpa et al (2016). This profile indicates the energy demand profile requirements of the eMBTs, and already hints at substantial charging potential during the evening -probably from grid power -and during the middle of the day -preferably from solar power.…”

Section: Energy Analysismentioning

confidence: 92%

Ray of hope for sub-Saharan Africa's paratransit: solar charging of urban electric minibus taxis in South Africa

Abraham¹,

Rix²,

Ndibatya³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Minibus taxi public transport is a seemingly chaotic phenomenon in the developing cities of the Global South with unique mobility and operational characteristics. Eventually this ubiquitous fleet of minibus taxis will have to transition to electric vehicles. This paper examines the impact of this inevitable evolution. We present a generic simulation environment to assess the grid impact and charging opportunities, given the unique paratransit mobility patterns. We used floating car data to assess the energy requirements of electric minibus taxis, which will have a knock-on effect on Africa's already fragile electrical grids. We used spatio-temporal and solar photovoltaic analyses to assess the informal and formal stops that would be needed for the taxis to recharge from solar PV in the region's abundant sunshine. The results showed energy demand from a median of 215 kWh/day to a maximum of 490 kWh/day, with a median charging potential (stationary time) across taxis of 7.7 h/day to 10.6 h/day. The potential for charging from solar PV was 0.38 kWh/m2 to 0.90 kWh/m2. Our simulator and results will allow traffic planners and grid operators to assess and plan for looming electric vehicle roll-outs, and could lead to a new funding model for transport in Africa.

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Effectiveness of road safety interventions: An evidence and gap map

Goel,

Tiwari,

Varghese

et al. 2024

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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BackgroundRoad Traffic injuries (RTI) are among the top ten leading causes of death in the world resulting in 1.35 million deaths every year, about 93% of which occur in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Despite several global resolutions to reduce traffic injuries, they have continued to grow in many countries. Many high‐income countries have successfully reduced RTI by using a public health approach and implementing evidence‐based interventions. As many LMICs develop their highway infrastructure, adopting a similar scientific approach towards road safety is crucial. The evidence also needs to be evaluated to assess external validity because measures that have worked in high‐income countries may not translate equally well to other contexts. An evidence gap map for RTI is the first step towards understanding what evidence is available, from where, and the key gaps in knowledge.ObjectivesThe objective of this evidence gap map (EGM) is to identify existing evidence from all effectiveness studies and systematic reviews related to road safety interventions. In addition, the EGM identifies gaps in evidence where new primary studies and systematic reviews could add value. This will help direct future research and discussions based on systematic evidence towards the approaches and interventions which are most effective in the road safety sector. This could enable the generation of evidence for informing policy at global, regional or national levels.Search MethodsThe EGM includes systematic reviews and impact evaluations assessing the effect of interventions for RTI reported in academic databases, organization websites, and grey literature sources. The studies were searched up to December 2019.Selection CriteriaThe interventions were divided into five broad categories: (a) human factors (e.g., enforcement or road user education), (b) road design, infrastructure and traffic control, (c) legal and institutional framework, (d) post‐crash pre‐hospital care, and (e) vehicle factors (except car design for occupant protection) and protective devices. Included studies reported two primary outcomes: fatal crashes and non‐fatal injury crashes; and four intermediate outcomes: change in use of seat belts, change in use of helmets, change in speed, and change in alcohol/drug use. Studies were excluded if they did not report injury or fatality as one of the outcomes.Data Collection and AnalysisThe EGM is presented in the form of a matrix with two primary dimensions: interventions (rows) and outcomes (columns). Additional dimensions are country income groups, region, quality level for systematic reviews, type of study design used (e.g., case‐control), type of road user studied (e.g., pedestrian, cyclists), age groups, and road type. The EGM is available online where the matrix of interventions and outcomes can be filtered by one or more dimensions. The webpage includes a bibliography of the selected studies and titles and abstracts available for preview. Quality appraisal for systematic reviews was conducted using a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews, AMSTAR 2.Main ResultsThe EGM identified 1859 studies of which 322 were systematic reviews, 7 were protocol studies and 1530 were impact evaluations. Some studies included more than one intervention, outcome, study method, or study region. The studies were distributed among intervention categories as: human factors (n = 771), road design, infrastructure and traffic control (n = 661), legal and institutional framework (n = 424), post‐crash pre‐hospital care (n = 118) and vehicle factors and protective devices (n = 111). Fatal crashes as outcomes were reported in 1414 records and non‐fatal injury crashes in 1252 records. Among the four intermediate outcomes, speed was most commonly reported (n = 298) followed by alcohol (n = 206), use of seatbelts (n = 167), and use of helmets (n = 66). Ninety‐six percent of the studies were reported from high‐income countries (HIC), 4.5% from upper‐middle‐income countries, and only 1.4% from lower‐middle and low‐income countries. There were 25 systematic reviews of high quality, 4 of moderate quality, and 293 of low quality.Authors' ConclusionsThe EGM shows that the distribution of available road safety evidence is skewed across the world. A vast majority of the literature is from HICs. In contrast, only a small fraction of the literature reports on the many LMICs that are fast expanding their road infrastructure, experiencing rapid changes in traffic patterns, and witnessing growth in road injuries. This bias in literature explains why many interventions that are of high importance in the context of LMICs remain poorly studied. Besides, many interventions that have been tested only in HICs may not work equally effectively in LMICs. Another important finding was that a large majority of systematic reviews are of low quality. The scarcity of evidence on many important interventions and lack of good quality evidence‐synthesis have significant implications for future road safety research and practice in LMICs. The EGM presented here will help identify priority areas for researchers, while directing practitioners and policy makers towards proven interventions.

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A comparative evaluation of the impact of average speed enforcement (ASE) on passenger and minibus taxi vehicle drivers on the R61 in South Africa

Abstract: Ebot Eno Akpa NA, Booysen MJ, Sinclair M. A comparative evaluation of the impact of average speed enforcement (ASE) on passenger and minibus taxi vehicle drivers on the R61 in South Africa. J. S. Afr. Inst. Civ. Eng. 2016;58(4), Art. #1255, 9 pages. http://dx

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

e-Quantum leap on a data highway: Planning for electric minibus taxis in sub-Saharan Africa's paratransit system

e-Quantum leap on a data highway: Planning for electric minibus taxis in sub-Saharan Africa's paratransit system

Ray of hope for sub-Saharan Africa's paratransit: solar charging of urban electric minibus taxis in South Africa

Effectiveness of road safety interventions: An evidence and gap map

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