A Comparative Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Commercial Wheat Flours Sold in Calabar-Nigeria

Edem, C. A.; Iniama, Grace E.; Osabor, Vincent N.; Etiuma, Rebecca A.; Ochelebe, M.

doi:10.3923/pjn.2009.585.587

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…0⋅056 mg/kg, respectively (6,9,33,35,36) , while 1⋅1663-4⋅2346, 3⋅1875-8⋅5313, 2⋅3015-2⋅7719, 0⋅154-1⋅1346, 0⋅041-0⋅216 and ND-0⋅1381 mg/kg for Mn, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Pb, respectively, for the present study. Therefore, the levels were within the ranges indicated in the literature (Table 6).…”

Section: Distribution Pattern Of Metalssupporting

confidence: 47%

“…The level of iron in wheat flour used for comparison ranged from 0⋅02 to 13⋅61 mg/kg, while the value determined in the present study ranged from 8⋅0099 to 11⋅1535 mg/kg, which lies within the range. Similarly, the average concentration of Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cd and Pb reported in the literature was in the order: 0⋅034–4⋅21, 4⋅309–7⋅66, 0⋅019–8⋅54, 0⋅006–0⋅27, 0⋅002–0⋅122 and ND–0⋅056 mg/kg, respectively ( 6 , 9 , 33 , 35 , 36 ) , while 1⋅1663–4⋅2346, 3⋅1875–8⋅5313, 2⋅3015–2⋅7719, 0⋅154–1⋅1346, 0⋅041–0⋅216 and ND–0⋅1381 mg/kg for Mn, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Pb, respectively, for the present study. Therefore, the levels were within the ranges indicated in the literature ( Table 6 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Levels of selected essential and non-essential metals in wheat (Triticum aestivum) flour in Ethiopia

Alemu¹,

Bulta

Doda

et al. 2022

J Nutr Sci

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In the present study, the levels and probable public health risks of selected metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd and Pb) in nine wheat flour samples collected from Amhara, Oromia, South region, and the Strategic Food Reserve Agency were determined using FAAS and compared with results of prior studies and critical level. The wet digestion method using 65 % HNO3 and 72 % HClO4 in 300°C for 3 h was used when preparing the sample. Validation of the optimised digestion method was assessed using the spiking method, and an acceptable percent recovery from all metals. The levels of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni and Cd ranged between 8⋅5297 and 11⋅1535, 1⋅633 and 4⋅2346, 3⋅1875 and 8⋅5313, 2⋅3589 and 2⋅7719, 0⋅154 and 0⋅854, and 0⋅0411 and 0⋅216 mg/kg, respectively, for Ethiopian wheat flour, while the level of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cd and Pb were ranged between 8⋅0099 and 8⋅1089, 1⋅663 and 1⋅6691, 4⋅5625 and 4⋅6250, 2⋅3015 and 2⋅3072, 0⋅9423 and 1⋅1346, 0⋅1593 and 0⋅1606, and 0⋅13 and 0⋅1381 mg/kg, respectively, for imported wheat flour. However, Pb had a concentration of less than 0⋅043 mg/kg for Ethiopian wheat flour. Findings indicate that Ethiopian wheat is comparatively higher in Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Cd, but lower in Ni and Pb than imports. From the result of the study, it can be concluded that the level of heavy metals determined in this study was within the permissible limit, and no probable health risk because both the Hazard quotient (HQ) and the Hazard Index (HI) are found to be below 1⋅0 regarding study metals.

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Section: Distribution Pattern Of Metalssupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Levels of selected essential and non-essential metals in wheat (Triticum aestivum) flour in Ethiopia

Alemu¹,

Bulta

Doda

et al. 2022

J Nutr Sci

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“…Since, Ni is highly mobile, therefore, It is easily translocated from the roots to the aerial parts of the plants but the uptake, distribution, and bioaccumulation varies with the plant species . Some of the plants are metal excluders, whereas some are accumulators . The bioaccumulation in different tissues varies with the species, which is an indicative of metal tolerance strategy .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Ni Levels in Soil Can Modify Growth Performance and Mineral Status of Wheat Cultivars

Ṣābir

Hakeem

Aziz

et al. 2014

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Nickel (Ni) contamination in soil is a widespread problem in this era of industrial development. Plant cultivars respond differentially to Ni contamination in soil. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of different Ni levels to the growth and mineral status of two wheat cultivars (Sehar‐2006 and LU‐26). Five different levels of Ni as NiSO4 · 4 H2O (0, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mg kg−1) were applied to soil in the pots. LU‐26 performed better compared to Sehar‐2006 in terms of dry weight production and physiological parameters. LU‐26 contained higher Ni in roots compared to Sehar‐2006, but the Ni concentration in shoots of both the cultivars was similar. LU‐26 translocated less Ni toward the shoot compared to Sehar‐2006 indicating the exclusion of Ni from shoots and retaining it in roots by LU‐26 as evident from bioconcentration and translocation factors. Contradictly, Sehar‐2006 translocated more Ni from root to shoot indicating its tolerance to Ni. Ni increased manganese (Mn) in shoots of Sehar‐2006 and LU‐26 up to 60 and 30 mg kg−1, respectively. Ni decreased copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentration in shoots of both cultivars, however Zn concentration in roots increased at all levels of Ni. LU‐26 excluded Ni from shoots and Sehar‐2006 accumulated Ni in shoots. The present study helps in understanding the process of metal uptake and distribution during the early growth stages of the plant and can signify overall potential of a crop for its exploitation on contaminated soils.

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“…9,15 Determination of the total levels of inorganic constituents, such as Ca, Fe, K and P in food, is crucial to assess the possible impact of the food on human health. Various elements in cassava and flour samples from various countries have been determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), [16][17][18][19] graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS), 20,21 inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) [22][23][24][25] and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [26][27][28][29] . However, the studies are scarce in the literature that determined the levels of inorganic constituents in cassava flour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Concentration of Trace Elements in Cassava Flour (Manihot esculenta Crantz) by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

Gomes¹,

Pereira²,

Nunes³

et al. 2017

Rev. Virtual Quim.

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Resumo:The concentrations of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P and Zn in 10 commercially available cassava flours (Manihot esculenta Crantz, Euphorbiaceae) were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The elements were found in descending order of concentration, as K > Ca > P > Mg > Fe > Cu > Zn > Mn. Based on the recommended daily intake for adults, the values showed that 10 g day -1 cassava flour provides 5.3% of the daily intake of Cu, 0,5-1.2% for Fe, 0.5% for Ca, 0.9-1.2% for Mg, 0.6-0,8% for Mn, 0.6% for P, 0.2% for K and 0.2-0.3% for Zn. Based on the RDIs (Recommended Daily Intake) of the elements studied, the results indicate that cassava flour contains several essential elements, and the levels found in the cassava flours presents no risk to the human health. With the results of the multivariate analysis, it was possible to locate information about clusters and dissimilarities between the samples and between the variables, as well as to provide useful information for future studies on quality control and genetic improvement of cassava with better nutritional values. Palavras-chave:Manihot esculenta Crantz, Alimento, Elementos-traço, ICP OES, RDI. AbstractThe concentrations of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P and Zn in 10 commercially available cassava flours (Manihot esculenta Crantz, Euphorbiaceae) were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The elements were found in descending order of concentration, as K > Ca > P > Mg > Fe > Cu > Zn > Mn. Based on the recommended daily intake for adults, the values showed that 10 g day -1cassava flour provides 5.3% of the daily intake of Cu, 0,5-1.2% for Fe, 0.5% for Ca, 0.9-1.2% for Mg, 0.6-0,8% for Mn, 0.6% for P, 0.2% for K and 0.2-0.3% for Zn. Based on the RDIs (Recommended Daily Intake) of the elements studied, the results indicate that cassava flour contains several essential elements, and the levels found in the cassava flours presents no risk to the human health. With the results of the multivariate analysis, it was possible to locate information about clusters and dissimilarities between the samples and between the variables, as well as to provide useful information for future studies on quality control and genetic improvement of cassava with better nutritional values.

show abstract

A Comparative Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Commercial Wheat Flours Sold in Calabar-Nigeria

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Levels of selected essential and non-essential metals in wheat (Triticum aestivum) flour in Ethiopia

Levels of selected essential and non-essential metals in wheat (Triticum aestivum) flour in Ethiopia

High Ni Levels in Soil Can Modify Growth Performance and Mineral Status of Wheat Cultivars

Assessment of the Concentration of Trace Elements in Cassava Flour (Manihot esculenta Crantz) by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

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