A comparative environmental life cycle assessment of hatchery, cultivation, and preservation of the kelp<i>Saccharina latissima</i>

Thomas, Jean‐Baptiste; Ribeiro, Mauricio Sodré; Potting, José; Cervin, Gunnar; Nylund, Göran M.; Olsson, Joakim; Albers, Eva; Undeland, Ingrid; Pavia, Henrik; Gröndahl, Fredrik

doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsaa112

Cited by 41 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The latter is typically the case for 'waste-LCAs' comparing different types of waste treatment (Laurenti et al 2014) but also applies to the case study LCA used for illustration in this chapter, for which the functional unit is 'one ton of freshly harvested kelp to be preserved'. This input-based functional unit enables the comparison of different methods of preserving kelp, with the rest of the compared product system being the same (Thomas et al 2021). A further discussion of the functional unit aspects of LCAs is available in Sills et al (2020), presented in the context of LCAs of algal biorefineries.…”

Section: Lca Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Thomas et al (2021) seaweed LCA study is, to our knowledge, the only one featuring inventory analysis wholly based on reliable data from a commercial operation, including detailed descriptions of kelp farm operations and a detailed inventory of activities, thus ensuring a high degree of certainty with respect to the life cycle inventory. These case data originate from the Seafarm project (www .seafarm .se) and are updated in line with optimised practices as established by Nordic Seafarm AB (formerly Koster Alg AB).…”

Section: Choice Of Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These case data originate from the Seafarm project (www .seafarm .se) and are updated in line with optimised practices as established by Nordic Seafarm AB (formerly Koster Alg AB). The study of Thomas et al (2021) is delimited to a cradle-to-gate perspective (where the gate is the production of preserved seaweed), to focus the assessment on those parts of the product system that are well established and from which high-quality data can be obtained. The rest of this chapter is largely based on the results from Thomas et al (2021).…”

Section: Choice Of Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chapter starts with a short overview of the LCA methodology, and how it can be used to quantify the environmental impacts of seaweed supply chains. The next section introduces the 'Seafarm-LCA' taken from Thomas et al (2021) as a case study for illustrating the environmental impacts of the preserved seaweed supply chain. Figures are based on the study published in the ICES Journal of Marine Science.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental impacts of seaweed cultivation: kelp farming and preservation

Thomas¹,

Potting²,

Gröndahl³

2021

Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science

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This chapter provides an overview of the environmental impacts of the supply chain for preserved seaweed. The supply chain includes the hatchery, marine infrastructure, deployment of juveniles and monitoring during cultivation (grow-out of seaweed), harvest, transport back to shore and preservation of the biomass. The chapter starts with a short overview of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, and how it can be used to quantify the environmental impacts of seaweed supply chains. After a discussion of the overall environmental impacts of the preserved seaweed supply chain, the chapter focuses on specific life cycle stages: spore preparation and seeding of juvenile seaweed onto string in the hatchery, seaweed cultivation, harvesting preservation and storage of harvested seaweed. The chapter ends with a summary and discussion of future trends in the subject.

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Section: Lca Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Choice Of Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Choice Of Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Environmental impacts of seaweed cultivation: kelp farming and preservation

Thomas¹,

Potting²,

Gröndahl³

2021

Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science

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“…Seaweeds should not be seen as a new product added to the market but become an integral part of the European food system, being used for human consumption, animal feed, and for improving food production processes. Thomas et al (2021) conducted an environmental LCA of a kelp farm in Sweden. The LCA includes spore production, seeding lines, cultivation at sea, harvesting and preservation and accounts for nutrient bioremediation and carbon capture.…”

Section: Sustainable Development Of Aquaculture and Its Contribution To Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

The future is now: marine aquaculture in the anthropocene

Browman

2021

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Aquaculture now produces more seafood than wild capture fisheries and this production is expected to at least double by 2050. Representing almost half of global production, marine aquaculture will contribute to sustainably feeding the growing humanity. However, climate change will undoubtedly challenge the future growth of marine aquaculture. Temperature and sea-level rise, shifts in precipitation, freshening from glacier melt, changing ocean productivity, and circulation patterns, increasing occurrence of extreme climatic events, eutrophication, and ocean acidification are all stressors that will influence marine aquaculture. The objective of this themed article set was to bring together contributions on the broad theme of the potential impacts, adaptation, and mitigation strategies of marine aquaculture to climate change. Here we present 14 papers covering a diverse set of approaches including experimentation, modelling, meta-analysis and review, and disciplines like biology, ecology, economics, and engineering. These articles focus on the impacts of climate change-related stressors on the aquaculture potential itself and on the resulting ecological interactions (e.g. parasitism and predation), on phenotypic plasticity and adaptation potential of species, and on measures to mitigate the effects of climate change on aquaculture and vice versa. Considering this, adaptation of the aquaculture sector relies on anticipating the biogeographical changes in the distribution of species, determining their potential for adaptation and selective breeding for resistance or tolerance to climate-induced stressors, and fostering ecosystem resilience by means of conservation, restoration, or remediation. By will or by force, aquaculture will contribute to the low carbon economy of tomorrow. Aquaculture must move towards a new paradigm where the carbon footprint and the analysis of the life cycle of products are at least as important as economic profitability.

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Extraction of laminarin from Saccharina latissima seaweed using cross-flow filtration

Sterner

Gröndahl

2021

J Appl Phycol

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Laminarin is a low-molecular-weight polysaccharide found in seaweed (kelp), often in equal concentrations to that in the commercially important hydrocolloid alginate. However, while alginate can be easily recovered by dissolution followed by acid precipitation, for laminarin, there is no such straightforward way of recovering it. Laminarin can be used as dietary fiber and, if efficiently extracted, it may be used for functional food/feed applications and as a component in plant defense stimulants for agriculture. One way of concentrating laminarin from dilute solutions is to press the solution through ultrafine membranes that the molecules cannot pass through. When alginate is extracted, an acid pretreatment step is used and the dilute acid residue from that process also contains laminarin. We used cross-flow filtration to concentrate laminarin from Saccharina latissima, retrieving it from the dilute acid solution of the acid pretreatment of an alginate extraction. Three ceramic membranes with 5, 15, and 50 kDa molecular weight cutoffs were used, and the pressure, temperature, and feed velocity were altered to reveal which parameters controlled the flow through the membrane and how efficiently laminarin was concentrated. The effects on laminarin extraction for fresh vs. frozen biomass were evaluated showing that frozen biomass releases more laminarin with a similar biomass homogenization technique. Thermal and microbial degradation of the feed components was studied during the course of the filtrations, showing that microbial degradation can affect the laminarin concentration, while the temperature of the process ~ 65 °C had little impact on laminarin. The techniques used to monitor the components in the feed and permeate during filtration were nuclear magnetic resonance, 1H-NMR, and size exclusion chromatography. The filtrations were performed in a pilot-size filtration unit with ceramic membranes (ZrO2/TiO2, TiO2-Al2O support, 0.08 m2). To be able to operate without quick membrane fouling, the most important parameter was to have a high liquid velocity over the membrane, 4.7 m s−1. A good technique to concentrate laminarin was to prefilter it through a 50-kDa membrane using 2 bar liquid pressure and to concentrate it over a 5-kDa membrane using 5-bar liquid pressure. With these settings, the liquid flux through the filter became 60–80 and 30–40 L m−2 h−1 over the 50-kDa and 5-kDa membrane.

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A comparative environmental life cycle assessment of hatchery, cultivation, and preservation of the kelpSaccharina latissima

Cited by 41 publications

References 35 publications

Environmental impacts of seaweed cultivation: kelp farming and preservation

Environmental impacts of seaweed cultivation: kelp farming and preservation

The future is now: marine aquaculture in the anthropocene

Extraction of laminarin from Saccharina latissima seaweed using cross-flow filtration

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