“…TNFi: There were 60 studies included in which TNF inhibitors (TNFi), individually or as a class, were the exposure of interest among immune-mediated systemic inflammatory diseases. These included eighteen placebo-controlled RCTs [ 27 , 28 , [112] , [113] , [114] , [115] , [116] , [117] , [118] , [119] , [120] , [121] , [122] , [123] , [124] , [125] , [126] , [127] ], ten active comparator RCTs [128] , [129] , [130] , [131] , [132] , [133] , [134] , [135] , [136] , [137] , 25 cohort studies [ 19 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 39 , 75 , 83 ,– 85 , [138] , [139] , [140] , [141] , [142] , [143] , [144] , [145] , [145] , [147] , [148] , [149] , [150] , [151] , [152] , [153] ], one pooled safety analysis [154] , one case-control study [155] , one cross-sectional study [21] , and four case series [156] , [157] , [158] , [159] . In severa...…”