A comparative biomechanical study of a novel integrated plate spacer for stabilization of cervical spine: An in vitro human cadaveric model

Resorbable plating system stabilizes tissue‐engineered intervertebral discs implanted ex vivo in canine cervical spines

“…In human patients, a combined ACDF approach of a polyether ether ketone spacer with resorbable materials such as poly(L‐lactide‐co‐D,L‐lactide) has been shown to provide similar fusion progress and stability than traditional titanium fixation; however, our intent with this study was to provide temporary stabilization to the implanted TE‐IVD instead of promoting rigid fixation of the motion segment. In this context, degradation of the PLGA system is expected to promote a gradual change in load distribution between the TE‐IVD and the PLGA plate, unlike the case of existing interbody spinal fusion techniques and external fixation devices previously evaluated in human cadaveric spines . Mackiewicz et al confirmed in a finite element study that introducing highly stiff stabilizing plates into cervical spine motion segments increases stress in the endplate of adjacent segments and that plates that allow greater range of motion show up to 30% reduction of adjacent plates resulting stress .…”

Comparison of Fatigue Strength of C2 Pedicle Screws, C2 Pars Screws, and a Hybrid Construct in C1–C2 Fixation

“…A load control protocol with ± 2.0 N·m moments applied at a rate of 1 ° per second was used to establish initial ROM values. 8 , 23 Hedman et al 24 reported that an average adult makes 125,000 bends per year corresponding to 16,000 bends for 6 weeks, so run-out was set to 16,000 cycles at a frequency of 1 Hz. This also ensured that the cadaveric specimens would be limited to less than 20 hours of exposure.…”

A Zero-Profile Anchored Spacer in Multilevel Cervical Anterior Interbody Fusion

“…The nonunion rate increases from 7.9% for 1-level and 21.1% for 2-level to 35% for 3-level cage stand-alone procedures. According to the promising biomechanical data for single-level use, [7][8][9] surgeons use frequently and successful these anchored spacers (ASs). 2 Because of this fi nding, surgeons prefer to add an anterior plate in multilevel fusion procedures to enhance stabilizing properties.…”