A Comparative Assessment of the Pig, Mouse and Human Genomes

McAnulty, Peter A.; Dayan, Anthony D.; Ganderup, Niels-Christian; Hastings, Kenneth L.

doi:10.1201/b11356-28

Cited by 53 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Such a discrepancy may be explained by the difference in DNA content [33,34]. Because the swine genome is estimated to be ~15% smaller than its human counterpart (2.7 Gigabases (Gbp) in pig vs. 3.2 Gbp in human [35–38]), the smaller relative target size in minipig cells would yield a correspondingly lower level of γ-H2AX foci, other factors being equal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Gamma-H2AX Assay for Radiation Biodosimetry in a Swine Model

Moroni

Maeda

Whitnall

et al. 2013

IJMS

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There is a paucity of large animal models to study both the extent and the health risk of ionizing radiation exposure in humans. One promising candidate for such a model is the minipig. Here, we evaluate the minipig for its potential in γ-H2AX-based biodosimetry after exposure to ionizing radiation using both Cs137 and Co60 sources. γ-H2AX foci were enumerated in blood lymphocytes and normal fibroblasts of human and porcine origin after ex vivo γ-ray irradiation. DNA double-strand break repair kinetics in minipig blood lymphocytes and fibroblasts, based on the γ-H2AX assay, were similar to those observed in their human counterparts. To substantiate the similarity observed between the human and minipig we show that minipig fibroblast radiosensitivity was similar to that observed with human fibroblasts. Finally, a strong γ-H2AX induction was observed in blood lymphocytes following minipig total body irradiation. Significant responses were detected 3 days after 1.8 Gy and 1 week after 3.8 and 5 Gy with residual γ-H2AX foci proportional to the initial radiation doses. These findings show that the Gottingen minipig provides a useful in vivo model for validation of γ-H2AX biodosimetry for dose assessment in humans.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Gamma-H2AX Assay for Radiation Biodosimetry in a Swine Model

Moroni

Maeda

Whitnall

et al. 2013

IJMS

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“…Swine are an important models for human anatomy, nutrition, metabolism and immunology [1][2][3]. Their organs are anatomically and histologically similar to humans as are their sensory innervation and blood supply [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their organs are anatomically and histologically similar to humans as are their sensory innervation and blood supply [4]. Pigs are naturally susceptible to infection with organisms that are closely related or identical to those species infecting humans including helminths (Ascaris, Taenia, Trichuris, Trichinella, Shistosoma, Strongyloides), bacteria (Campylobacter, Chlamydia, Eschericia coli, Helicobacter, Neisseria, Mycoplasma, Salmonella), protozoans (Toxoplasma) and viri (Coronavirus, Hepatitis E, Influenza, Nipah, Reovirus, Rotavirus) [2,5,6]. The last 10 years has seen a boon in the development of genetically modified pig as models for human cardiovascular and lung disease, neurodegenerative and musculoskeletal disorders [7,8] and cancer [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The porcine translational research database: a manually curated, genomics and proteomics-based research resource

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe use of swine in biomedical research has increased dramatically in the last decade. Diverse genomic- and proteomic databases have been developed to facilitate research using human and rodent models. Current porcine gene databases, however, lack the robust annotation to study pig models that are relevant to human studies and for comparative evaluation with rodent models. Furthermore, they contain a significant number of errors due to their primary reliance on machine-based annotation. To address these deficiencies, a comprehensive literature-based survey was conducted to identify certain selected genes that have demonstrated function in humans, mice or pigs.ResultsThe process identified 13,054 candidate human, bovine, mouse or rat genes/proteins used to select potential porcine homologs by searching multiple online sources of porcine gene information. The data in the Porcine Translational Research Database ((http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=6065) is supported by >5800 references, and contains 65 data fields for each entry, including >9700 full length (5′ and 3′) unambiguous pig sequences, >2400 real time PCR assays and reactivity information on >1700 antibodies. It also contains gene and/or protein expression data for >2200 genes and identifies and corrects 8187 errors (gene duplications artifacts, mis-assemblies, mis-annotations, and incorrect species assignments) for 5337 porcine genes.ConclusionsThis database is the largest manually curated database for any single veterinary species and is unique among porcine gene databases in regard to linking gene expression to gene function, identifying related gene pathways, and connecting data with other porcine gene databases. This database provides the first comprehensive description of three major Super-families or functionally related groups of proteins (Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Marker genes, Solute Carrier Superfamily, ATP binding Cassette Superfamily), and a comparative description of porcine microRNAs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4009-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Indeed, structural MRI, functional MRI, and positron emission tomography have all been conducted in pigs (Conrad et al, 2012b; Fang et al, 2005; Jakobsen et al, 2006). Additionally, piglets can undergo cognitive testing at a young age and show greater overlap with humans in genes involved in immunity compared to rodents (Dawson, 2011; Dilger and Johnson, 2010; Meurens et al, 2012). Thus, piglets represent a gyrencephalic species with brain growth similar to humans that can be used in highly controlled experiments to explore how infection and inflammation affects brain structure and function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early postnatal respiratory viral infection induces structural and neurochemical changes in the neonatal piglet brain

Conrad

Sutton

Larsen

et al. 2015

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Infections that cause inflammation during the postnatal period are common, yet little is known about their impact on brain development in gyrencephalic species. To address this issue, we investigated brain development in domestic piglets which have brain growth and morphology similar to human infants, after experimentally infecting them with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to induce an interstitial pneumonia Piglets were inoculated with PRRSV on postnatal day (PD) 7 and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess brain macrostructure (voxel-based morphometry), microstructure (diffusion tensor imaging) and neurochemistry (MR-spectroscopy) at PD 29 or 30. PRRSV piglets exhibited signs of infection throughout the post-inoculation period and had elevated plasma levels of TNFα at the end of the study. PRRSV infection increased the volume of several components of the ventricular system including the cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle, and the lateral ventricles. Group comparisons between control and PRRSV piglets defined 8 areas where PRRSV piglets had less gray matter volume; 5 areas where PRRSV piglets had less white matter volume; and 4 relatively small areas where PRRSV piglets had more white matter. Of particular interest was a bilateral reduction in gray and white matter in the primary visual cortex. PRRSV piglets tended to have reduced fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum. Additionally, N-acetylaspartate, creatine, and myo-inositol were decreased in the hippocampus of PRRSV piglets suggesting disrupted neuronal and glial health and energy imbalances. These findings show in a gyrencephalic species that early-life infection can affect brain growth and development.

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A Comparative Assessment of the Pig, Mouse and Human Genomes

Cited by 53 publications

References 67 publications

Evaluation of the Gamma-H2AX Assay for Radiation Biodosimetry in a Swine Model

Evaluation of the Gamma-H2AX Assay for Radiation Biodosimetry in a Swine Model

The porcine translational research database: a manually curated, genomics and proteomics-based research resource

Early postnatal respiratory viral infection induces structural and neurochemical changes in the neonatal piglet brain

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