A Comparative Assessment of Marker Expression Between Cardiomyocyte Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and the Developing Pig Heart

Abstract

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Recapitulating porcine cardiac development in vitro: from expanded potential stem cell to embryo culture models

“…We found the first cells marked by cTNT in splanchnic mesoderm in the porcine embryo at ED14, which formed a horseshoe-shaped structure resembling the cardiac crescent. We observed the generation of a linear heart tube at ED15, which is in line with the results published by Lauschke et al (2021) . Porcine ED17 was marked by the presence of PEO, which has not been previously characterized in porcine embryos.…”

“…Porcine preclinical models are now considered the gold standard for studying congenital heart diseases (CHDs) ( Buijtendijk et al, 2020 ; Gabriel et al, 2021 ), as numerous recent studies have highlighted the anatomical and molecular similarities in cardiac development between pigs and humans ( Lelovas et al, 2014 ; Lauschke et al, 2021 ). However, a detailed characterization of the early stages of porcine cardiogenesis is still lacking.…”

“…Several studies in the past described pre-gastrulation and gastrulation processes in pigs ( Flechon et al, 2004 ; Oestrup et al, 2009 ); however, little is known about porcine heart development. Recently, a developmental profile of the cardiovascular system in porcine embryos has been described by Gabriel et al (2021) and Lauschke et al (2021) , providing the first insights into porcine cardiogenesis. Still, the knowledge of early porcine heart development is very limited and a more detailed, comprehensive, stage-by-stage characterization of molecular determinants is needed.…”

“…Although anatomical atlases of both human and mouse heart development have been published, only two recent studies have investigated embryonic cardiac development of pigs ( Gabriel et al, 2021 ; Lauschke et al, 2021 ). However, in vitro models of porcine cardiogenesis are still limited due to the lack of bona fide pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in this species.…”

Creating cell-specific computational models of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes using optical experiments

“…These phenotypic differences, and how they change temporally, can depend on subtle differences in cell culture conditions and the genetic background of the cell donor [4,5,20], which likely contributes to the wide variation observed between studies [4,5]. No standardized procedure currently exists for characterizing iPSC-CM heterogeneity; prior efforts have generally examined a handful of molecular markers [21], used subjective observations of physiology [22,23], or employed specialized methods such as single cell RNA sequencing [24,25]. These factors, and the potential importance of iPSC-CMs as a research platform, highlight the need for automated methods to characterize the cell lines used in each study.…”