A Comparative Assessment of Analytical Fate and Transport Models of Organic Contaminants in Unsaturated Soils

Stoppiello, Maria Grazia; Lofrano, Giusy; Carotenuto, Maurizio; Viccione, Giacomo; Guarnaccia, Claudio; Cascini, Leonardo

doi:10.3390/su12072949

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Details of the several source mass release models and critical findings observed from these studies are presented in Table S7. Analytical studies implement integral, differential, and combinations of transformation techniques to solve contaminant transport equations, which eventually represent various physical and biogeochemical processes in porous systems [81,82]. For example, mass transfer processes between mobile and immobile water, residual NAPL and water, and aquifer solid and water were considered in the formulation of the simple analytical model [9].…”

Section: Analytical Modeling Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Fate and Transport of DNAPLs in Heterogeneous Aquifer Systems—A Critical Review and Bibliometric Analysis

et al. 2023

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Dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) in the subsurface environment beyond the permissible limit poses a threat to human health and a suite of ecological services. An accurate prediction of the concentration and mass fluxes of DNAPL at environmentally sensitive locations and their temporal variations can be obtained using robust and efficient fate and transport mathematical models. Thus, this study evaluated 412 articles published from 1990 to 2022 utilizing the Scopus® database to provide a quantitative overview of the present trends and future perspectives of the DNAPL transport research field, especially fate and transport models via bibliometric analysis. The major findings of the published literature based on the scale of the study and type of modeling framework, relationships of governing parameters with a scale of study, and recent developments in the mathematical models were discussed. The country-citation analysis revealed the USA and Canada as leading countries in DNAPL fate and transport research field. The findings of this study uncovered a need for studies considering low-permeability and stagnant regions, as well as the variable nature of the flow, transport, and reaction parameters to understand the complex plume evolution dynamics of DNAPLs under field-scale conditions. The nonlinear interactions between various flow and transport phenomena should be quantified during a model’s development by applying spatial- and time-varying global sensitivity analyses. The outcomes of the bibliometric survey, visual analysis, and concise review presented in this study can provide a wide range of references, emerging topics, and prospects to emphasize less focused on topics of DNAPL transport research.

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Section: Analytical Modeling Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Fate and Transport of DNAPLs in Heterogeneous Aquifer Systems—A Critical Review and Bibliometric Analysis

et al. 2023

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“…In various previous studies, groundwater velocity has often been treated as a constant mean value [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In theoretical and field analyses, longitudinal dispersivity is scale-dependent due to the influence of natural heterogeneities that produce irregular flow patterns at the field scale [20][21][22].…”

Section: Of 23mentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Analytical Solutions of The Advection-Dispersion Equation with Variable Flow and Transport Coefficients

Sanskrityayn¹,

Suk

Chen

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Demand has increased for analytical solutions to determine the velocities and dispersion coefficients that describe solute transport with spatial, temporal, or spatiotemporal variations encountered in the field. However, few analytical solutions have considered spatially, temporally, or spatiotemporally dependent dispersion coefficients and velocities. The proposed solutions consider eight cases of dispersion coefficients and velocities: both spatially dependent, both spatiotemporally dependent, both temporally dependent, spatiotemporally dependent dispersion coefficient with spatially dependent velocity, temporally dependent dispersion coefficient with constant velocity, both constant, spatially dependent dispersion coefficient with spatiotemporally dependent velocity, and constant dispersion coefficient with temporally dependent velocity. The spatial dependence is linear, while the temporal dependence may be exponential, asymptotical, or sinusoidal. An advection–dispersion equation with these variable coefficients was reduced to a non-homogeneous diffusion equation using the pertinent coordinate transform method. Then, solutions were obtained in an infinite medium using Green’s function. The proposed analytical solutions were validated against existing analytical solutions or against numerical solutions when analytical solutions were unavailable. In this study, we showed that the proposed analytical solutions could be applied for various spatiotemporal patterns of both velocity and the dispersion coefficient, shedding light on feasibility of the proposed solution under highly transient flow in heterogeneous porous medium.

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“…Recently, Mazzieri et al [27] tested steady-state and transient models to estimate the change in exposure concentration and to established a tier-2-based analysis. Among these different tools, the ASTM-type evaluation of the pathways in the unsaturated zone has recently been adopted in other studies [24,27,28]. For example, Stoppiello [28] evaluated the fate and transport of five organic contaminants in the unsaturated zone in various soil conditions using several analytical solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these different tools, the ASTM-type evaluation of the pathways in the unsaturated zone has recently been adopted in other studies [24,27,28]. For example, Stoppiello [28] evaluated the fate and transport of five organic contaminants in the unsaturated zone in various soil conditions using several analytical solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Infiltration Rates for Fate and Transport of Benzene in High-Tiered Risk-Based Assessment Considering Korean Site-Specific Factors at Contaminated Sites

Chang

Chung

Kim

et al. 2021

Water

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Widely used conservative approaches for risk-based assessments of the subsurface transport processes have been calculated using simple analytical equations or general default values. Higher-tier risk assessment of contaminated sites requires the numerical models or additional site-specific values for input parameters. Previous studies have focused on the development of sophisticated models fit into risk-based frameworks. Our study mainly aims to explore the applicability of site-specific parameters and to modify the risk-based fate and transport model according to the types of the site-specific parameters. To apply the modified fate and transport equation and the site-specific default infiltration range, this study assessed the source depletion, leachate concentrations, and exposure concentration of benzene, which is a representative organic contaminant. The numerical models consist of two continuous processes, the fate and transport of contaminants from (1) the soil to the groundwater table in the vadose zone and subsequently (2) from the groundwater table to exposure wells in the saturated zone. Spatially varied Korean domestic recharge data were successfully incorporated into site-specific infiltration parameters in the models. The numerical simulation results were expressed as transient time series of concentrations over time. Results presented the narrow range of predicted concentrations at the groundwater table when site-specific infiltration was applied, and the dilution–attenuation factors for the unsaturated zone (DAFunsat) were derived based on the prediction. When a contaminant travels to the longest path length of 10 m with a source depth of 1 m in the vadoze zone, the simulated DAFunsat ranged from 3 to 4. The highest DAFunsat simulation results are close to 1 when contaminants travel to a source depth of 5 m and the shortest path length of 1 m. In the saturated aquifer below the contaminated sites, the variation in exposure concentration with time at monitoring wells is detected differently depending on the depth of the saturated zone.

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A Comparative Assessment of Analytical Fate and Transport Models of Organic Contaminants in Unsaturated Soils

Cited by 15 publications

References 68 publications

Unraveling the Fate and Transport of DNAPLs in Heterogeneous Aquifer Systems—A Critical Review and Bibliometric Analysis

Unraveling the Fate and Transport of DNAPLs in Heterogeneous Aquifer Systems—A Critical Review and Bibliometric Analysis

Generalized Analytical Solutions of The Advection-Dispersion Equation with Variable Flow and Transport Coefficients

Importance of Infiltration Rates for Fate and Transport of Benzene in High-Tiered Risk-Based Assessment Considering Korean Site-Specific Factors at Contaminated Sites

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