A Comparative Approach to the Population-Genetics Theory of Segregation Distortion

Feldman, Marcus W.; Otto, Sarah P.

doi:10.1086/285176

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Thus, in a species with a large number of chromosomes or a long linkage map. meiotic drive systems will tend to be suppressed by unlinked modifiers(" , 35,36).…”

Section: Conclusion 1 and 3 Are Intuitively Reasonable Theymentioning

confidence: 99%

Why is mendelian segregation so exact?

1991

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The precise 1:1 segregation of Mendelian heredity is ordinarily taken for granted, yet there are numerous examples of 'cheating' genes that perpetuate themselves in the population by biasing the Mendelian process in their favor. One example is the Segregation Distortion system of Drosophila melanogaster, in which the distorting gene causes its homologous chromosome to produce a nonfunctional sperm. This system depends on three closely linked components, whose molecular basis is beginning to be understood. The system is characterized by numerous modifiers changing the degree of distortion. Mathematical theory shows that unlinked modifiers that change the degree of distortion in the direction of Mendelism always increase in the population. This provides a mechanism for removing cheaters and preserving the honesty of the Mendelian gene-shuffle.

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“…Thus, in a species with a large number of chromosomes or a long linkage map. meiotic drive systems will tend to be suppressed by unlinked modifiers(" , 35,36).…”

Section: Conclusion 1 and 3 Are Intuitively Reasonable Theymentioning

confidence: 99%

Why is mendelian segregation so exact?

1991

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“…Stable polymorphism may occur when the advantage of favored gametic transmission is balanced by lower fitness (2,3) or suppressed by modifiers (4,5). The evolution of modifiers of the degree of distortion depends on genetic linkage: loose linkage favors suppressors, tight linkage favors enhancers (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sex-ratio segregation distortion associated with reproductive isolation inDrosophila

Tao

Hartl

Laurie

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

179

185

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Sex-ratio distortion is the most common form of non-Mendelian segregation observed in natural populations. It may occur even more frequently than direct observations suggest, because the dysgenic population consequences of a biased sex ratio are expected to result in the rapid evolution of suppressors, resulting in suppressed or ''cryptic'' segregation distortion. Here we report evidence for cryptic sex-ratio distortion that was discovered by introgressing segments of the genome of Drosophila mauritiana into the genome of Drosophila simulans. The autosomal suppressor of sex-ratio distortion, which is also associated with a reduction in hybrid male fertility, has been genetically localized to a region smaller than 80-kb pairs in chromosome 3.M endelian segregation is the foundation of almost every important principle in population genetics theory. It is also widely observed. Examples of non-Mendelian segregation-also called segregation distortion or meiotic drive-though sometimes dramatic, are rare. However, the apparent nearuniversality of Mendelian segregation may be misleading. Nearly 50 years ago Sandler and Novitski (1) pointed out that new mutant alleles showing segregation distortion might occur frequently within populations, but be concealed by the fixation of suppressor mutations soon after the distorters arise. In this case, the infrequency of non-Mendelian segregation in natural populations would reflect only its transience as an evolutionary phenomenon, not its rarity as a biological phenomenon.A newly arisen segregation distorter can be fixed, lost, or become a stable polymorphism. Stable polymorphism may occur when the advantage of favored gametic transmission is balanced by lower fitness (2, 3) or suppressed by modifiers (4, 5). The evolution of modifiers of the degree of distortion depends on genetic linkage: loose linkage favors suppressors, tight linkage favors enhancers (6). Although much of our understanding of segregation distortion comes from two well studied autosomal systems, segregation distortion in Drosophila melanogaster (7) and the t-haplotype in Mus musculus (8), the multiple reports of sex-ratio distortion (9), as well as theoretical arguments (10, 11), suggest that segregation distortion of the sex chromosomes may evolve more readily than that of autosomes. Theory further suggests that the deleterious effect of a biased sex ratio results in rapid selection of Y-linked or autosomal suppressors (12, 13), thus rendering the distortion cryptic. Evidence bearing on the hypothesis that cycles of distortion and suppression may have happened multiple times in the evolutionary history of a species (14, 15) is scarce and controversial (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).There is a test of the distortion-suppression hypothesis. Among genetically isolated subpopulations, each would acquire its own independent sequence of distorters and suppressors, depending on the chance order of occurrence. Because the distorters present in any one subpopulation might not be affected by suppressor alleles present i...

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“…As segregation distorters occur in many species and are likely to be very common [1,3], a fascinating mathematical theory has been developed through mathematical models to answer the questions concerning the stability and evolution of Mendelian segregation (see Feldman and Otto [4], Haig and Grafen [5],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random and non-random mating populations: Evolutionary dynamics in meiotic drive

Sarkar

2016

Mathematical Biosciences

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Game theoretic tools are utilized to analyze a one-locus continuous selection model of sex-specific meiotic drive by considering nonequivalence of the viabilities of reciprocal heterozygotes that might be noticed at an imprinted locus.The model draws attention to the role of viability selections of different types to examine the stable nature of polymorphic equilibrium. A bridge between population genetics and evolutionary game theory has been built up by applying the concept of the Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection. In addition to pointing out the influences of male and female segregation ratios on selection, configuration structure reveals some noted results, e.g., Hardy-Weinberg frequencies hold in replicator dynamics, occurrence of faster evolution at the maximized variance fitness, existence of mixed Evolutionarily Stable Strategy (ESS) in asymmetric games, the tending evolution to follow not only a 1 : 1 sex ratio but also a 1 : 1 different alleles ratio at particular gene locus. Through construction of replicator dynamics in the group selection framework, our selection model introduces a redefining bases of game theory to incorporate non-random mating where a mating parameter associated with population structure is dependent on the social structure. Also, the model exposes the fact that the number of polymorphic equilibria will depend on the algebraic expression of population structure.

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A Comparative Approach to the Population-Genetics Theory of Segregation Distortion

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

Why is mendelian segregation so exact?

Why is mendelian segregation so exact?

Sex-ratio segregation distortion associated with reproductive isolation inDrosophila

Random and non-random mating populations: Evolutionary dynamics in meiotic drive

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